Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 59 (4) (2011)
CONTENTS AND ABSTRACTS
Bacteriology
Age-dependent competition of porcine enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) with different fimbria genes – Short communication. Jin Hur, Kyeong Min Lee and John Hwa Lee ..... 411
The presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on large pig breeding farms in Croatia. Boris Habrun, Ivana Račić, Relja Beck, Ana Budimir, Miroslav Benić, Gordan Kompes, Silvio ©pičić and ®eljko Cvetnić ..... 419
Parasitology
Postmortem small babesia-like morphology of Babesia canis – Short communication. Zoltán Demeter, Elena Alina Palade, Éva Balogh, Csaba Jakab, Róbert Farkas, Balázs Tánczos and Sándor Hornok ..... 427
Pathology
Osteoblastic osteosarcoma in a Grey Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus) – Short communication. Mátyás Liptovszky, Edina Perge, Viktor Molnár and Endre Sós ..... 433
Solitary adenoma in the proventriculus of a Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) – Short communication. János Gál, Miklós Marosán, Attila Kozma and Míra Mándoki ..... 439
Physiology and physiological chemistry
Effect of the periparturient period on serum lipid and cholesterol lipoprotein concentrations in goats (Capra hircus). Ewa Skotnicka, Zbigniew Muszczyński and Maria Suska ..... 445
Tetrodotoxin- and resiniferatoxin-induced changes in paracervical ganglion ChAT- and nNOS-IR neurons supplying the urinary bladder in female pigs. Piotr Józef Burliński, Sławomir Gonkowski and Jarosław Całka ..... 455
Reproduction
Impact of oxidative stress on male fertility – A review. Eva Tvrdá, Zuzana Kňaľická, László Bárdos, Péter Massányi and Norbert Lukáč ..... 465
Plasma progesterone, metabolic hormones and beta-hydroxybutyrate in Holstein-Friesian cows after superovulation. Balázs Bényei, István Komlósi, Anna Pécsi, Margit Kulcsár, László Huzsvai, C. W. C. Barros and †Gyula Huszenicza ..... 485
Effect of season and photoperiod on the time of first postpartum ovulation in Awassi ewes. Vera Faigl, Mónika Keresztes, Alíz Márton, Hedvig Fébel, Margit Kulcsár, Sándor Nagy, Sándor Cseh, László Solti and †Gyula Huszenicza ..... 497
Virology
Profiles of seroconversion to porcine circovirus type 2 in herds affected and not affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Katarzyna Podgórska and Tomasz Stadejek ..... 511
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 59 (4), pp. 411–417 (2011)
DOI: 10.1556/AVet.2011.027AGE-DEPENDENT COMPETITION OF PORCINE ENTEROTOXIGENIC E. COLI (ETEC) WITH DIFFERENT FIMBRIA GENES – SHORT COMMUNICATION
Jin Hur, Kyeong Min Lee and John Hwa Lee*
Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
(Received 10 March 2011; accepted 23 May 2011)
To investigate the association of pathogenic Escherichia coli fimbrial adhesins with the development of diarrhoea in piglets of different age groups and to test their relative competitiveness, piglets were orally inoculated with a mixture of E. coli strains harbouring F4, F5, F6, F18 and F41 fimbrial genes. A total of 537 E. coli strains with haemolytic activity were isolated from 36 diarrhoeic piglets. The F4 fimbrial gene was observed in 98.5%, 97.6% and 80.6% strains carrying fimbrial genes isolated from diarrhoeic piglets that were infected at 1, 3 and 5 weeks of age, respectively. These data demonstrate that F4 fimbriae are highly associated with diarrhoea in piglets of all age groups. Interestingly, the F18 fimbrial gene was observed in 2.4% and 25.4% strains carrying fimbrial genes isolated from the 3- and 5-week-old groups, respectively, which confirms that F18 fimbriae are associated with diarrhoea in piglets from late stages of suckling to post-weaning, and are more related to diarrhoea in weaned than in unweaned piglets.
Key words: Pathogenic Escherichia coli, piglet, diarrhoea, fimbriae
*Corresponding author; E-mail: johnhlee@jbnu.ac.kr; Phone: 0082 (63) 270-2553; Fax: 0082 (63) 270-3780
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 59 (4), pp. 419–425 (2011)
DOI: 10.1556/AVet.2011.028THE PRESENCE OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ON LARGE PIG BREEDING FARMS IN CROATIA
Boris Habrun1*, Ivana Račić1, Relja Beck1, Ana Budimir2, Miroslav Benić1, Gordan Kompes1, Silvio ©pičić1 and ®eljko Cvetnić1
1Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
(Received 17 August 2010; accepted 23 May 2011)
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have emerged worldwide and have become resistant to a variety of antibiotics. MRSA colonisation in pigs was first reported from the Netherlands in 2005, where pigs were implicated as a source of human MRSA infections (Voss et al., 2005). This paper presents the first report on the presence of MRSA on large pig breeding farms in Croatia, together with the determination of the mecA gene, the results of spa typing and susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobials. Dust samples (7–11 per farm) were collected from eight large pig farms in Croatia. Of the total 68 swabs, the mecA gene was detected in 24 isolates growing on the MRSA agar. All isolates were resistant to oxacillin, tetracycline and streptomycin, and susceptible only to vancomycin, while 92% of the strains were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Genotyping of the MRSA strains was performed by spa typing, and revealed t011 (n = 17), t034 (n = 5) and t1451 (n = 2). The results presented here predict that MRSA is present on a large number of pig farms in Croatia.
Key words: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, pigs, antimicrobial susceptibility
*Corresponding author; E-mail: habrun@veinst.hr; Phone: 00385 (1) 612-3604; Fax: 00385 (1) 619-0841
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 59 (4), pp. 427–432 (2011)
DOI: 10.1556/AVet.2011.029POSTMORTEM SMALL BABESIA-LIKE MORPHOLOGY OF BABESIA CANIS – SHORT COMMUNICATION
Zoltán Demeter1, Elena Alina Palade1, Éva Balogh2, Csaba Jakab1, Róbert Farkas3, Balázs Tánczos3 and Sándor Hornok3*
1Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, 2Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine and 3Department of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
(Received 9 May 2011; accepted 23 May 2011)
Here we report a case of canine babesiosis with unusual morphology of the causative agent. A male, seven-week-old Labrador retriever puppy, exhibiting severe anaemia and haemoglobinuria, was presented at the Clinic of Internal Medicine in February 2011. The puppy was euthanised. The most relevant pathological changes were icterus, severe splenomegaly, generalised lymphadenopathy and haemoglobin nephrosis. Samples were collected from various organs for histology within one hour post mortem. Impression smears were also prepared from the spleen after overnight storage at 4 °C. Tissue sections and smears showed the presence of multiple, coccoid intraerythrocytic bodies that measured 1–2 μm and resembled small babesiae. No large piroplasms were seen. DNA was extracted from the spleen, and a conventional PCR was performed for the amplification of a 450-bp region of the 18S rRNA gene of piroplasms. The causative agent was identified as Babesia canis canis, with 99% sequence identity to other European isolates. Sequence identity to B. gibsoni was only 91%. This is the first account to verify that the morphology of the large canine piroplasm, B. canis, can be uniformly small babesia-like post mortem or following the storage of tissue samples.
Key words: Babesia canis, Babesia gibsoni, small babesia, morphology, viscera
*Corresponding author; E-mail: Hornok.Sandor@aotk.szie.hu; Phone: 0036 (1) 478-4187; Fax: 0036 (1) 478-4193
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 59 (4), pp. 433–437 (2011)
DOI: 10.1556/AVet.2011.030OSTEOBLASTIC OSTEOSARCOMA IN A GREY MOUSE LEMUR (MICROCEBUS MURINUS) – SHORT COMMUNICATION
Mátyás Liptovszky1*, Edina Perge2, Viktor Molnár1 and Endre Sós1
1Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden, Állatkerti krt. 6–12, H-1146 Budapest, Hungary; 2Matrix Histological Service, Budapest, Hungary
(Received 24 October 2010; accepted 23 May 2011)
The Grey Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus) is a nocturnal lemur species that lives only in Madagascar. It is one of the most abundant lemur species and its native populations are not endangered, but animals belonging to this species are rarely exhibited in zoos. While tumours are quite frequently described in other primates, there are very few publications about neoplasia in lemurs. In this case report we describe a mandibular osteoblastic osteosarcoma in a Grey Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first scientific article describing osteosarcoma in a prosimian and also reporting a tumour in the mandible in this taxon.
Key words: Grey Mouse Lemur, Microcebus murinus, osteosarcoma, tumour, Prosimia
*Corresponding author; Present address: Vadaskerti Animal Ambulance, Vadaskerti út 13, H-1021 Budapest, Hungary; E-mail: liptovszky@gmail.com; Phone: 0036 (20) 931-4432
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 59 (4), pp. 439–444 (2011)
DOI: 10.1556/AVet.2011.031SOLITARY ADENOMA IN THE PROVENTRICULUS OF A BUDGERIGAR (MELOPSITTACUS UNDULATUS) DIAGNOSED BY IMMUNOCHEMISTRY – SHORT COMMUNICATION
János Gál1, Miklós Marosán2, Attila Kozma3 and Míra Mándoki1*
1Division of Exotic and Wild Animal Medicine, Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine and 2Department of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; 3Homoktövis Veterinary Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
(Received 14 January 2011; accepted 23 May 2011)
The authors describe a solitary adenoma in a 5.5-year-old female Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). The tumour was partially blocking the lumen of the proventriculus and filled it almost completely. Decreased passage of food towards the gizzard and the intestines developed in the bird as result of the obstruction, which periodically hindered the passage, leading to slow emaciation. An epithelial tumour composed of irregular glandular acini was diagnosed by histological examination. Immunohistochemical reaction with pancytokeratin showed a positive cytoplasmic reaction both in the neoplastic and the normal glandular structures.
Key words: Budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus, proventriculus, adenoma
*Corresponding author; E-mail: Mandoki.Mira@aotk.szie.hu; Phone: 0036 (1) 478-4181; Fax: 0036 (1) 478-4284
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 59 (4), pp. 445–454 (2011)
DOI: 10.1556/AVet.2011.032EFFECT OF THE PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD ON SERUM LIPID AND CHOLESTEROL LIPOPROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS IN GOATS (CAPRA HIRCUS)
Ewa Skotnicka1*, Zbigniew Muszczyński2 and Maria Suska1
1Department of Physiology, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Szczecin, ul. Felczaka 3a, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; 2Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Breeding, University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
(Received 3 November 2010; accepted 23 May 2011)
Blood samples were taken from 12 goats during the periparturient period (4 and 1 weeks before and 2, 10 and 30 days after delivery), and from 10 non-pregnant goats. The following variables were determined: total lipids (TL), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TCH) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol fractions. One week before delivery TL (2.32 ± 0.12 g/l, P ≤ 0.05), TG (0.32 ± 0.16 mmol/l, P ≤ 0.001) and TCH concentrations (1.65 ± 0.42 mmol/l, P ≤ 0.05) were significantly increased as compared to non-pregnant goats (2.08 ± 0.28 g/l, 0.15 ± 0.05 mmol/l, 1.38 ± 0.19 mmol/l, respectively). After delivery, the concentrations of TL, TG, TCH and HDL decreased significantly. The lowest TG concentration was observed 2 days after delivery (0.18 ± 0.02 mmol/l), while TL (1.73 ± 0.21 g/l), TCH (0.95 ± 0.21 mmol/l) and HDL (0.74 ± 0.16 mmol/l) reached the lowest level 10 days after delivery. Two days after delivery a significant increase of LDL concentration was observed (0.38 ± 0.04 mmol/l); however, ten days after delivery a threefold decrease was shown in the LDL concentration (0.12 ± 0.04 mmol/l). A month after delivery all the variables studied reached levels similar to those measured in non-pregnant goats.
Key words: Blood lipids, lipoproteins, peripartal period, goats
*Corresponding author; E-mail: ewaskot@univ.szczecin.pl; Phone: 004891 4442754; Fax: 004891 4442734
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 59 (4), pp. 455–463 (2011)
DOI: 10.1556/AVet.2011.033TETRODOTOXIN- AND RESINIFERATOXIN-INDUCED CHANGES IN PARACERVICAL GANGLION ChAT- AND nNOS-IR NEURONS SUPPLYING THE URINARY BLADDER IN FEMALE PIGS
Piotr Józef Burliński*, Sławomir Gonkowski and Jarosław Całka
Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 13/024, 10-957 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
(Received 20 December 2010; accepted 23 May 2011)
The aim of the present study was to establish the effect of intravesical administration of resiniferatoxin (RTX) and tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the chemical coding of paracervical ganglion (PCG) neurons supplying the urinary bladder in the pig. In order to identify the PCG neurons innervating the bladder, retrograde tracer Fast Blue was injected into the bladder wall prior to intravesical RTX or TTX administration. Consequent application of immunocytochemical methods revealed that in the control group 76.82% of Fast Blue positive PCG neurons contain nitric oxide synthetase (nNOS), and 66.92% contain acetylcholine transferase (ChAT). Intravesical infusion of RTX resulted in a reduction of the nNOS-IR neurons to 57.74% and ChAT-IR to 57.05%. Alternative administration of TTX induced an increase of nNOS-IR neurons up to 79.29% and a reduction of the ChAT-IR population down to 3.73% of the Fast Blue positive PCG cells. Our data show that both neurotoxins affect the chemical coding of PCG cells supplying the porcine urinary bladder, but the effects of their action are different. Moreover, these results shed light on the possible involvement of NO-ergic and cholinergic neurons in the mechanisms of therapeutic action exerted by RTX and TTX in curing the overactive bladder disorder.
Key words: ChAT, nNOS, paracervical ganglion, pig, RTX, TTX
*Corresponding author; E-mail: p.j.burlinski@uwm.edu.pl; Phone: 0048 (89) 523-4460; Fax: 0048 (89) 523-3877
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 59 (4), pp. 465–484 (2011)
DOI: 10.1556/AVet.2011.034IMPACT OF OXIDATIVE STRESS ON MALE FERTILITY – A REVIEW
Eva Tvrdá1*, Zuzana Kňaľická1, László Bárdos2, Péter Massányi1 and Norbert Lukáč1
1Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; 2Department of Animal Physiology and Health, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
(Received 25 January 2011; accepted 23 May 2011)
Oxidative stress is a state related to increased cellular damage caused by oxygen and oxygen-derived free radicals known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is a serious condition, as ROS and their metabolites attack DNA, lipids and proteins, alter enzymatic systems and cell signalling pathways, producing irreparable alterations, cell death and necrosis. While small amounts of ROS have been shown to be required for several functions of spermatozoa, their excessive levels can negatively impact the quality of spermatozoa and impair their overall fertilising capacity. These questions have recently attracted the attention of the scientific community; however, research aimed at exploring the role of oxidative stress and antioxidants associated with male fertility is still at its initial stages. This review summarises the current facts available in this field and intends to stimulate interest in basic and clinical research, especially in the development of effective methods for the diagnosis and therapy of semen damage caused by oxidative stress.
Key words: Oxidative stress, free radicals, reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, spermatozoa, male fertility
*Corresponding author; E-mail: evina.tvrda@gmail.com; Phone: 00421 (37) 641-4288
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 59 (4), pp. 485–495 (2011)
DOI: 10.1556/AVet.2011.035PLASMA PROGESTERONE, METABOLIC HORMONES AND BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE IN HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN COWS AFTER SUPEROVULATION
Balázs Bényei1*, István Komlósi2, Anna Pécsi2, Margit Kulcsár3, László Huzsvai2, C. W. C. Barros4 and †Gyula Huszenicza3
1Semmelweis University, Basic Medical Science Centre, Tűzoltó u. 37–47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; 2Centre of Agricultural and Applied Economic Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Biodiversity Conservation, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; 3Department and Clinic for Obstetrics and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary; 4Irrigation District, Senator Nilo Coelho Project, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
(Received 12 January 2011; accepted 23 May 2011)
Metabolic hormones [insulin, leptin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)], progesterone (P4) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) serum concentrations were evaluated and their effect on the superovulation results of donor cows was investigated in a semi-arid environment. Body weight, body condition score (BCS) and lactation stage were also included in the analysis. Twenty-three Holstein-Friesian cows were superovulated with 600 IU FSHp following the routine procedure and flushed on day 7 in a Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer Centre in the semi-arid area of Brazil. The corpora lutea (CL) were counted and blood samples were collected for assays. All of the hormones investigated and BHB serum concentrations were within the physiological ranges. There was a positive correlation between hormones, except between BHB and all the others. The leptin level was influenced by feeding status, as indicated by the BCS. Insulin, T4, T3 and BHB levels were affected by milking status. Dry cows had higher levels of all hormones except BHB. An optimum level of leptin resulted in the highest number of CL, while the linear increase of P4, T4 and IGF significantly increased the number of CL.
Key words: Metabolic hormones, progesterone, hormone interactions, superovulation, semi-arid climate
*Corresponding author; E-mail: balazs.benyei@eok.sote.hu
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 59 (4), pp. 497–510 (2011)
DOI: 10.1556/AVet.2011.036EFFECT OF SEASON AND PHOTOPERIOD ON THE TIME OF FIRST POSTPARTUM OVULATION IN AWASSI EWES
Vera Faigl1*, Mónika Keresztes1, Alíz Márton2, Hedvig Fébel3, Margit Kulcsár1, Sándor Nagy4, Sándor Cseh1, László Solti1 and †Gyula Huszenicza1
1Department and Clinic for Obstetrics and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, István u. 2, H-1078, Budapest, Hungary; 2Georgikon Faculty of Agriculture, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary; 3Research Institute of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Herceghalom, Hungary; 4Awassi Corporation, Bakonszeg, Hungary
(Received 28 March 2011; accepted 23 May 2011)
Seasonal differences in the resumption of postpartum ovarian activity, milk production and periparturient metabolic status were investigated in lactating non-suckling dairy Awassi sheep in two consecutive experiments. In Experiment 1, autumn-lambing (AL, n = 27) and spring-lambing (SL, n = 37) ewes were investigated. Ovarian activity was monitored by means of individual progesterone (P4) profiles from day 5 to day 100 post partum. Most of the AL dams (89%) ovulated till day 35 after parturition and became cyclic thereafter. Incidence of persistent corpus luteum (CLP) and short luteal phases (sCL) was frequent (18% and 29%, respectively) among non-conceiving dams. In contrast, only 24% of the SL ewes ovulated before day 35. P4 levels during the luteal phase were lower in cyclic animals, and the cycle was longer in SL than in AL animals. No CLP or sCL was detected in the spring-lambing group, and 61% of SL ewes remained acyclic till the end of the trial. Lactation length was significantly longer in SL dams than in AL ewes (P = 0.008). According to the plasma metabolites (BHB, NEFA) and metabolic hormones (insulin, IGF-I, thyroxine) examined, negative energy balance did not appear in any of the animals. However, seasonal differences were seen in IGF-I and thyroxine levels, which were higher in the SL dams. In Experiment 2, influence of additional lighting was studied in autumn-lambing ewes. The long-day photoperiod (LD, n = 23) group was exposed to artificial light from sunset till midnight (approx. 16 h light/8 h dark) from some weeks before the expected date of delivery in mid-September until the end of December. The control group (n = 25) experienced only natural daylength. The first postpartum ovulation tended to occur later in the LD animals than in the controls (P = 0.047). The lactation of the LD group tended to be longer (P = 0.061). NEFA, BHB, insulin, IGF-I and thyroxine levels did not differ between the groups. Conclusions: (i) The ovarian function of the Awassi population is seasonal under temperate continental climate conditions. (ii) The first postpartum ovulation of non-suckling, autumn-lambing dams may occur very early, even before the completion of uterine involution. (iii) Additional artificial lighting may delay the time of first postpartum ovulation in AL ewes. (iv) Postpartum negative energy balance is unlikely to occur in dairy Awassi ewes even in high-producing intensive systems.
Key words: Ewe, seasonality, photoperiod, metabolites, ovarian activity
*Corresponding author; E-mail: faigl.vera@aotk.szie.hu; Phone: 0036 (1) 478-4203; Fax: 0036 (1) 478-4207
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 59 (4), pp. 511–520 (2011)
DOI: 10.1556/AVet.2011.037PROFILES OF SEROCONVERSION TO PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS TYPE 2 IN HERDS AFFECTED AND NOT AFFECTED BY POSTWEANING MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME
Katarzyna Podgórska* and Tomasz Stadejek
National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
(Received 23 February 2011; accepted 23 May 2011)
The aim of the present study was to explore the usefulness of serological methods in the diagnosis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). The study was carried out in 4 PMWS-affected and 6 control farms. Based on the serological profiles, infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was determined to take place at 3–7 weeks of age in the PMWS-affected and at 3–11 weeks of age in the control farms. To compare the dynamics of seroconversion to PCV2 among farms, cross-sectional serological profiles were normalised in relation to the inferred age of infection. The results indicated that the proportion of seropositive pigs increased significantly slower in the affected herds. The most pronounced difference was observed about 4 weeks after infection, when the proportion of seropositive pigs ranged from 0 to 53.3% and from 70 to 100% in PMWS-affected and control herds, respectively. Mean antibody titres at that age were also significantly lower in the affected farms. These observations suggest a delay in the production of PCV2-specific antibodies and indicate that serological methods may be helpful in identifying herds with a high risk of PMWS.
Key words: PCV2, PMWS, serological profile, seroconversion, IPMA
*Corresponding author; E-mail: katarzyna.podgorska@piwet.pulawy.pl; Phone: 0048 (81) 889-3045; Fax: 0048 (81) 889-3346