Animal nutrition
Preventive and therapeutic
methods against the toxic effects of mycotoxins – A review. Miklós Mézes, Krisztián Balogh and Katalin Tóth ..... 1
Bacteriology
A
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis study of the genetic diversity of Campylobacter
jejuni and Campylobacter
coli in poultry
flocks in Slovenia. Igor Gruntar,
Matjaľ Ocepek, Jana Avberąek, Jasna Mićunović and Mateja Pate ..... 19
Phytotherapy
of ulcerative dermatitis induced by Aeromonas
hydrophila
infection in goldfish (Carassius
auratus). Ramasamy
Harikrishnan, Chellam Balasundaram, Young-Gun Moon, Man-Chul Kim, Ju-Sang Kim, Subramanian
Dharaneedharan and Moon-Soo Heo
..... 29
Parasitology
Molecular evidence of natural
infection with Babesia canis
canis in Croatia.
Mirna Brkljačić, Vesna
Matijatko, Ivana Kią, Nada Kučer, Jadranka Forąek, Renata Barić Rafaj, Darko Grden,
Marin Torti, Iva Mayer and Vladimir Mrljak ..... 39
Pathology and
pathophysiology
Hepatitis and hydropericardium
syndrome associated with adenovirus infection in goslings. Éva
Ivanics, Vilmos Palya, Béla Markos, Ádám Dán, Krisztina Ursu, Balázs Harrach, Győző
Kaján and Róbert Glávits ..... 47
Cystatin C analysis in the dog: A
comparison of turbidimetric and nephelometric assay results. Paweł
Jonkisz, Krisztina Kungl, Agnieszka Sikorska, Agnieszka Kurosad and Józef Nicpoń ..... 59
First
description of papillary carcinoma in the thyroid gland of a Red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans). János Gál,
György Csikó, István Pásztor, Antal Bölcskey-Molnár and Mihály Albert ..... 69
Pharmacology
Effects of tylosin on serum cytokine
levels in healthy and lipopolysaccharide-treated
mice. Ayse Er, Enver Yazar, Kamil Uney, Muammer
Elmas, Feray Altan and Gul Cetin ..... 75
Application of a solid-phase
fluorescence immunoassay to determine amoxicillin residues in fish tissue. Eun-Kee Park, Won Chul Jung and Hu-Jang Lee ..... 83
Physiology
and physiological chemistry
Inflammation- and axotomy-induced
changes in galanin-like immunoreactive (gal-li)
nerve structures in the porcine descending colon.
Sławomir
Gonkowski, Piotr Burliński, Cezary Skobowiat, Mariusz Majewski and Jarosław Całka .....
91
Reproduction
Plasma membrane
changes during the liquid storage of boar spermatozoa: A comparison of methods.
Dariusz G±czarzewicz,
Małgorzata Piasecka, Jan Udała, Barbara Błaszczyk, Tomasz Stankiewicz and
Maria Laszczyńska ..... 105
Plasma
progesterone profiles in Beagle bitches with and without the whelping experience. Makoto Seki, Norio
Watanabe, Kenyo Ishii, Yoh-ichi Kinoshita, Takehiro Aihara, Shuji Takeiri and Takeshige Otoi ..... 117
The
influence of transfer gun passage time through the uterine cervix on pregnancy rate in
recipient heifers. Jędrzej
M. Ja¶kowski, Krzysztof Urbaniak, Paweł Antosik and
Renata Włodarczyk ..... 125
Virology
Tissue tropism of highly pathogenic
avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 in naturally infected
mute swans (Cygnus olor),
domestic geese (Anser anser var. domestica), Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and mulard ducks (Cairina moschata × Anas platyrhynchos).
Levente
Szeredi, Ádám Dán, Nimród Pálmai, Krisztina Ursu, Ádám Bálint, Zsófia Szeleczky,
Éva Ivanics, Károly Erdélyi, Dóra Rigó, Lajos Tekes and Róbert Glávits ..... 133
PREVENTIVE AND THERAPEUTIC
METHODS AGAINST THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF MYCOTOXINS – A REVIEW
Miklós Mézes1, Krisztián Balogh1,2 and Katalin Tóth3
1Department of
Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, H-2103 Gödöllő, Hungary; 2Research
Group of Animal Breeding and Hygiene, Faculty of Animal Science, University of
Kaposvár, Kaposvár, Hungary; 3Food Analytica Ltd., Békéscsaba, Hungary
(Received 25 August 2009; accepted 23
September 2009)
Ingredients used in animal feeds and their
contamination with undesirable substances, such as mycotoxins, are fundamentally important
both in terms of the quality of animal products and the potential human health impacts
associated with the animal-based food production chain. Feed ingredients contaminated with
mycotoxins may have a wide range of toxicological effects on animals. Therefore, mycotoxin
contamination of feed ingredients constituting complete feed products represents an
important potential hazard in farm animal production. This review summarises the potential
effects of some preventive methods used during the storage of cereal grains as well as of
nutritive (e.g. antioxidants, amino acids, fats) or non-nutritive compounds (e.g.
pharmacological substances, carbon- or silica-based polymers) and detoxifying enzymes
recommended for use against the toxic effects of different mycotoxins.
Key words: Mycotoxins, mycotoxin detoxification,
mycotoxin decontamination, absorbents, feed additives
A PULSED-FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS STUDY OF THE GENETIC
DIVERSITY OF CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI AND CAMPYLOBACTER COLI IN POULTRY FLOCKS
IN SLOVENIA
Igor Gruntar, Matjaľ Ocepek, Jana Avberąek, Jasna Mićunović and Mateja Pate
Institute of Microbiology and
Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva
60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
(Received 7 January 2009; accepted 23
March 2009)
Campylobacter
jejuni and C. coli have recently become
the most frequent cause of bacterial foodborne enteric infection in most industrialised
countries. Consumption and handling of undercooked contaminated
poultry meat was identified as an important risk factor for human campylobacteriosis. The aim of this study was to ascertain the genetic
diversity of C. jejuni and C. coli strains isolated from poultry in Slovenia. A total of 68 isolates (42 C.
jejuni, 26 C.
coli) from faeces (n =
48), meat (n = 15) and skin/carcasses (n = 5) of chicken (n = 60) and turkey samples (n =
5) were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. SmaI macrorestriction discriminated between C. jejuni and C.
coli isolates. C.
jejuni isolates exhibited a higher degree of diversity compared to C. coli isolates. In the C. jejuni group, a number of small clusters were
apparent, while C. coli strains formed less but
larger clusters. Additional KpnI digestion of
selected isolates resulted in poor subtyping. Strains with identical or very similar
profiles were found on different farms, either in the same or different regions and time
periods. Some of the clones indicated possible cross-contamination at slaughterhouses.
Key
words: Genotyping, molecular
epidemiology, chicken, turkey, meat, faeces
PHYTOTHERAPY OF ULCERATIVE
DERMATITIS INDUCED BY AEROMONAS
HYDROPHILA INFECTION IN GOLDFISH (CARASSIUS
AURATUS)
Ramasamy Harikrishnan1, Chellam Balasundaram2, Young-Gun Moon1, Man-Chul Kim1, Ju-Sang Kim1, Subramanian Dharaneedharan2 and Moon-Soo Heo1
1Marine Applied
Microbes & Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Biomedical
Science, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National
University, Jeju 690-756, South Korea; 2Fish Disease Diagnostic Research
Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan
University, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India
(Received 4 September 2008; accepted 23 March 2009)
Goldfish (Carassius auratus) weighing 13 ± 2 g were administered intramuscularly a sublethal
dose (1.8 × 103 cfu/ml) of Aeromonas
hydrophila to induce ulcerative dermatitis. On day 3 and day 6 after infection the
fish were dip-treated (for 5 min/day) with a tri-herbal concoction of Curcuma longa, Ocimum sanctum and Azadirachta indica (1%). The LD50 value
was recorded at a concentration of 2.3 × 104 between 30 and 36 days after
infection. In the infected untreated group the cumulative mortality was higher, while in
the early-treated group (day 3) there was no mortality. In the late-treated group (6th
day) the mortality increased to 23.3% on day 36. In the infected group the size of ulcers progressively increased from 43.3% of
the body length on day 18 to 86.7% on day 36. In the early-treated fish the size of ulcers was 23.3% of the body length on
day 18; by day 36 after treatment the ulcer had completely healed. In contrast, there was
only a moderate recovery in the late-treated group. From the results it can be concluded
that early tri-herbal treatment ensures successful recovery from ulcerative dermatitis
induced by A. hydrophila.
Key
words: Aeromonas hydrophila, tri-herbal
concoction, Carassius auratus, phytotherapy
MOLECULAR
EVIDENCE OF NATURAL INFECTION WITH BABESIA CANIS
CANIS IN CROATIA
Mirna Brkljačić1, Vesna Matijatko1, Ivana Kią1, Nada Kučer1, Jadranka Forąek1, Renata Barić Rafaj2, Darko Grden1, Marin Torti1, Iva Mayer1 and Vladimir Mrljak1
1Clinic for Internal
Diseases and 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
(Received 30 October 2008; accepted 23
March 2009)
The aim of the present
study was to detect and characterise the species and subspecies of Babesia spp. that cause canine babesiosis in Croatia. Twenty-eight dogs with typical signs of
babesiosis (lethargy, anorexia, fever, dark urine and thrombocytopenia) were included in
this study. Their blood smears showed the presence of Babesia canis. The results showed the detection of
one subspecies, namely Babesia canis canis using
PCR, and subsequent sequence analysis demonstrated portions of the nss rRNA gene in 27 out
of 28 samples. Sequence analysis of the isolates showed 100% identity in 11 samples, 99.7%
identity (one nucleotide difference) in 11 samples and 99.4% identity (two nucleotides
difference) in 5 samples with B. canis canis.
The results of this study confirm the presence of B.
canis canis in infected dogs in Croatia and demonstrate a slightly new genetic variant of Babesia subspecies.
Key
words: Babesiosis, dog, DNA, sequence
analysis
HEPATITIS AND
HYDROPERICARDIUM SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH ADENOVIRUS INFECTION IN GOSLINGS
Éva Ivanics1, Vilmos Palya2, Béla Markos3, Ádám Dán1, Krisztina Ursu1, Balázs Harrach4, Győző Kaján4 and Róbert Glávits1
1Central Agricultural Office, Veterinary
Diagnostic Directorate, Tábornok u. 2, H-1149 Budapest, Hungary; 2CEVA-Phylaxia
Co. Ltd., Budapest, Hungary; 3Veterinary Laboratory Ltd., Békéscsaba,
Hungary; 4Veterinary Medical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of
Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
(Received 6 July 2009; accepted 23
September 2009)
Two outbreaks of severe
acute disease characterised by hepatitis and hydropericardium were observed in young
goslings on large-scale farms in Hungary. Histological examination revealed multifocal necrotic areas and two types
of intranuclear inclusion bodies adjacent to necrotic areas in the liver. The most
prominent type of inclusion bodies showed strong basophilic staining and completely filled
the enlarged nucleus. The other type was eosinophilic and occupied the centre of the
nucleus, which had margination of chromatin. In the heart, haemorrhage was associated with
multifocal necrosis in the myocardium. The presence of fowl adenovirus DNA in different
organs of the naturally infected goslings was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
The virus was isolated, and identified as a goose adenovirus by genomic analysis. This is
the first report on the involvement of a goose adenovirus in severe acute disease
associated with hepatitis and hydropericardium.
Key
words: Goose, adenovirus, hepatitis, hydropericardium
CYSTATIN C ANALYSIS IN THE
DOG: A COMPARISON OF TURBIDIMETRIC AND NEPHELOMETRIC ASSAY RESULTS
Paweł Jonkisz1, Krisztina Kungl2*, Agnieszka Sikorska1, Agnieszka Kurosad1 and Józef Nicpoń1
1Department of Internal
and Parasitic Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs And Cats, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 47,
50-366 Wrocław, Poland; 2Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Faculty
of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
(Received 7 October 2008; accepted 23
March 2009)
Cystatin C is a serum
protein with low molecular mass, which has been suggested as a marker to assess renal
function in the dog. This protein is regularly assessed using particle-enhanced
turbidimetric immunoassay (PETIA) and particle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay (PENIA),
in which rabbit anti-human cystatin C antibodies are used. The purpose of this work was to
compare the results of cystatin C analysis obtained by PETIA and PENIA assays in the dog.
Forty dogs of different genders and breeds were classified into four groups of 10 animals
each based on serum creatinine concentrations (4 stages of chronic kidney disease). Serum
cystatin C concentration was measured using PETIA and PENIA assays, the results were
compared, and correlation with serum urea and creatinine concentrations was established.
The correlation coefficient for results obtained using PETIA and PENIA assays was r =
0.706. Serum cystatin C concentrations obtained in PETIA had a lower correlation
coefficient with creatinine concentrations than those found in PENIA (r = 0.614 and r =
0.904, respectively); similarly, serum cystatin C was less correlated with serum urea
concentration in PETIA than in PENIA (r = 0.463 and r = 0.636, respectively). The results
obtained in this study suggest that the nephelometric assay is more sensitive and was
shown to be more closely correlated with other renal function indicators than the PETIA
assay.
Key
words: Renal insufficiency, cystatin C, PETIA, PENIA, dog
FIRST DESCRIPTION OF PAPILLARY
CARCINOMA IN THE THYROID GLAND OF A RED-EARED SLIDER (TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA ELEGANS)
János Gál1, György Csikó2, István Pásztor3, Antal Bölcskey-Molnár4 and Mihály Albert5
1Department of
Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine and 2Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, István u. 2, H-1078
Budapest, Hungary; 3Kittenberger Zoological Garden, Veszprém, Hungary; 4VERES
VET Small Animal Hospital, Veresegyház, Hungary; 5VetMed Labor Ltd., Budapest,
Hungary
(Received 23 December 2008; accepted 23 March 2009)
Postmortem examination
of the carcass of an approximately 10-year-old male Red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) was performed. The
thyroid gland was enlarged, showed follicular structure, and shifted the base of the heart
caudally. Histology revealed differently shaped and sized follicles in the thyroid gland.
Based on the macroscopic appearance and histopathological changes of the thyroid gland,
the pathological process was established as a papillary-cystic carcinoma. Neoplasia of the
endocrine organs, especially of the thyroid gland, is rare in reptiles. The current case
seems to be the first report of thyroid carcinoma in a Red-eared slider.
Key
words: First description, papillary
carcinoma, thyroid gland, chelonians, terrapin, Emydidae, Red-eared slider, Trachemys scripta elegans
EFFECTS OF TYLOSIN ON SERUM
CYTOKINE LEVELS IN HEALTHY AND
LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-TREATED MICE
Ayse Er1, Enver Yazar1*, Kamil Uney1, Muammer Elmas1, Feray Altan2 and Gul Cetin1
1Department of
Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, 42031,
Campus, Konya, Turkey; 2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle, Diyarbakir, Turkey
(Received 5 November 2008; accepted 23
March 2009)
The effects of different
doses of tylosin on serum cytokine concentrations were investigated in healthy and
lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. The mice were divided into seven groups.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected into the positive control group. The other six
groups received three different tylosin doses concurrently without or with LPS: 10 mg/kg,
100 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg + LPS, 100 mg/kg + LPS and 500 mg/kg + LPS. After
treatment, serum samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours. Serum tumour
necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin 1β (IL1β) and IL10 levels were determined by
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tylosin doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg induced no
cytokine production in the healthy mice. Tylosin at 500 mg/kg had no effect on TNFα or
IL1β production, but it induced IL10 production in healthy mice. All doses of tylosin reduced the elevated TNFα and IL1β
in LPS-treated mice but increased their IL10 levels. In conclusion, these data
suggest that tylosin has an immunomodulatory effect at the dose recommended for use
against infection.
