Obituary – In memoriam Prof. Dr.
Péter Rudas (1951–2006)
v
Anatomy and histology
First description and morphology of haemal nodes in piglets (Sus scrofa domestica). Y. Akaydin and M. Kabak
135
Clinical veterinary medicine
Magnetic resonance imaging technique for
the examination of canine mammary tumours.
Rita Garamvölgyi, Zs. Petrási, Á. Hevesi, Cs. Jakab, Zs.
Vajda, P. Bogner and I. Repa
143
The
influence of laterality on mastitis incidence in dairy cattle – preliminary study. B. H. Kikkers, L. Ózsvári, F. J. C. M. Van Eerdenburg, Á. Cs. Bajcsy and O. Szenci
161
Genetics
Detection of Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (BLAD) in
Turkish native and
Holstein cattle. B. Akyüz and O. Ertugrul 173
Infectious diseases
Serological survey of racing pigeons for selected pathogens in
Taiwan. H.-J. Tsai and
C.-Y. Lee 179
Pathological
effects of Arcobacter
cryaerophilus
infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). H. Yildiz and S.
Aydin
191
Nutrition
Rumen fermentation and starch degradation by Holstein steers fed sodium-hydroxide- or formaldehyde-treated wheat. J. Schmidt, T. Tóth and J. Fábián 201
Pathology
Proliferative response by the ostrich proventriculus in
idiopathic gastric stasis: A case
report. N. Ocal, S. Karahan and T. Atmaca 213
Reproduction
Pregnancy stage and number of fetuses may influence maternal
plasma leptin in ewes.
Margit Kulcsár, Gabriella Dankó,
H. G. I. Magdy, J. Reiczigel, T. Forgach, Angella Proháczik, Carole Delavaud, K. Magyar,
Y. Chilliard, L. Solti and Gy. Huszenicza 221
Endocrine
characteristics of late pregnant hyperketonaemic ewes and their reproductive performance
following the induction of ovarian cyclicity out of the breeding season. Margit Kulcsár, Gabriella Dankó, Carole
Delavaud, C. Mircu, Anna J. Nikolic, A. Gáspárdy, H. Cernescu, Y. Chilliard, S.
Cseh, P.
Rudas and Gy. Huszenicza 235
Surgery
Duodenal motility is not affected during duodenotomy in pigs. J. Schnoor, Juliane K. Unger, A. Hofeditz, B. Bode, R. Rossaint and J. Silny
251
Virology
Highly diverse type of equine arteritis virus (EAV) from the
semen of a South African donkey: Short communication. T. Stadejek, Ch. Mittelholzer, M. B. Oleksiewicz,
J. Paweska and S. Belák 263
Application
of polymerase chain reaction and virus isolation techniques for the detection of viruses
in aborted and newborn foals. Á. Hornyák, T. Bakonyi, Mónika Kulik, S. Kecskeméti and M. Rusvai 271
Effects
of two infectious bursal disease vaccine virus strains on hepatic microsomal enzyme
activities in chickens. Andreja Prevendar Crnić, D. Sakar, Jelena Pompe-Gotal, Z. Biđin, Ivana
Lojkić and
S. Čajavec 281
Book review 295
OBITUARY
In memoriam
Prof. Dr. Péter Rudas
(1951-2006)
We are deeply grieved to learn of the sudden and unexpected death
of Professor Péter Rudas, who died in a car accident on 13 February 2006 at 55 years of age. We wish to pay tribute to our good friend,
an internationally honoured personality of European veterinary science.
Péter Rudas was born
in Budapest on 25 June
1951. After graduating from secondary
school in 1969, he gained admission to the University of Veterinary Science, Budapest. Obtaining his diploma summa cum laude in 1974, he joined the scientific
staff of the university and started his illustrious carrier at the Department of
Physiology and Biochemistry. Péter brought a brilliant mind and impressive background of
education when he assumed his appointment.
He obtained the Ph.D.
degree (1983), the Doctor of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (D.Sc.) degree (1996), and already as
Associate Professor he was promoted to Head of Department (1990), rising to full Professor
in 1991. Until his death Péter Rudas was continuously Head of the Department.
Professor Rudas was
highly recognised for his teaching ability and interest by his students. He had a strong
desire to give each student the very best. On that occasion he initiated the first
Hungarian interactive computer and media training for veterinary students. The
‘Veterinary Physiology, a multimedia resource for teaching, learning and self-testing’
CD-ROM (in Hungarian, 1998) was translated into English, German and Spanish languages.
This innovative, interactive method provided new dimensions in the teaching of veterinary
physiology and has been used not only in Hungary but
also in several veterinary schools abroad. Péter travelled extensively in foreign
countries to familiarise them with this method and to consult on it. The postgraduate
training of 5 Ph.D. students was another valuable contribution by him.
Professor Rudas was
an internationally respected research scientist in the area of avian endocrinology. The
major focus of his research was thyroid physiology. He authored and co-authored 90
scientific publications including a textbook, ‘Introduction to Veterinary Physiology’
(in Hungarian, 1995). In addition, he presented 150 scientific papers at professional
meetings.
His interest and
knowledge in endocrinology provided him with the ability to effectively participate with
other scientists in diverse areas of research. Professor Rudas spent more or less time as
Visiting Professor or Research Fellow at several foreign universities (Rutgers University
of New Jersey; Harvard Medical School, Boston; The Catholic University of Leuven, etc.).
His excellent knowledge of the English and German languages also helped him to form close
connections with his colleagues abroad.
Péter Rudas provided
outstanding scientific and administrative leadership in each of his professional
positions. He was Director of the Ph.D. School at the Veterinary Faculty, President of the
International Society for Farm Animal Endocrinology, Hungarian deputy of the European
Resource Centre for Alternatives in Higher Education, Leader of the Summer School for
Young Endocrinologists, Vice President of the World Organisation of Hungarian
Veterinarians, Member of the Veterinary Committee of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences,
etc.
Among other
distinctions, Professor Rudas was recipient of the Albert Szent-Györgyi Award (1998), the
Academic Award (2000), and the Golden Laureate of Szent István University (2004). He was
Author of the Year in 1999.
It should be noted
that he was not at all a narrow-minded specialist, but possessed a wide erudition, mainly
in the field of music and literature.
Professor Rudas had
been member of the Editorial Board of our journal Acta Veterinaria Hungarica since 1994.
Besides his excellent professional knowledge, his objective sense of criticism made him a
well-distinguished member of our Board. As we memorialise Péter, we must also acknowledge
a feeling of deep personal loss. We will miss his friendship and the ready smile that
greeted us at editorial meetings. We offer our condolences to his wife Márta and his
daughters Anna and Klára.
Budapest, April 2006
Prof. Dr. Ferenc Kutas
Member of the Editorial Board
FIRST DESCRIPTION AND MORPHOLOGY OF HAEMAL NODES IN PIGLETS
(SUS SCROFA DOMESTICA)
Y. Akaydin1 and M. Kabak2
1Department of
Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mustafa Kemal,
31040 Antakya/Hatay, Turkey; 2Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
(Received 30 May 2005; accepted 20
October 2005)
In this study, the presence of
haemal nodes, previously recognised especially in ruminants, was determined for the first
time in piglets. The morphology of haemal nodes located in the abdominal cavity of seven
piglets was studied by gross inspection and by histological methods. Haemal nodes reddish
in colour and oval or round in shape were observed on the thin branches originating from
the caudal and cranial mesenteric arteries. These nodes, having connection only with blood
vessels, were covered with a thin connective tissue capsule. The haemal nodes had a hilus
at the entrance of which large blood vessels were seen. These blood vessels extended into
the inside of the nodes through trabeculae. Afferent and efferent lymph vessels were not
observed in the haemal nodes. The nodes contained many sinuses formed by reticular fibres
and reticular cells and filled by red blood cells. In the haemal nodes, lymphocytic
infiltration was more commonly seen than lymph follicles.
Key
words: Haemal node, morphology, piglets
MAGNETIC RESONANCE
IMAGING TECHNIQUE FOR THE EXAMINATION OF CANINE MAMMARY TUMOURS
Rita Garamvölgyi1, Zs. Petrási1, Á. Hevesi1, Cs. Jakab2, Zs. Vajda1, P. Bogner1 and I. Repa1
1Institute of
Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, H-7400 Kaposvár, Guba S. u. 40, Hungary; 2Department
of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent
István University, Budapest, Hungary
(Received 24 May 2005; accepted 20
October 2005)
The aim of this study was to adapt
the human magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences for use in the routine examination of
canine mammary glands. MRI was performed on 10, middle- to old-aged dogs of different
breeds. It was found that T1- and T2-weighted spin echo, short T1 inversion recovery
sequences and a gradient echo (GE) dynamic T1-weighted measurement made in the coronal and
transversal planes were the most informative MR diagnostic methods for imaging canine
mammary tumours. The static MR technique is the most detailed imaging modality for
differentiating the tissue types in the substance of the mammary gland. The MRI findings
were in close relationship with the histological result (five malignant mixed tumours and
five cases of invasive ductal carcinoma). Using the GE dynamic contrast-enhanced sequence
the morphological patterns as well as the kinetic parameters proved to be malignant. By
the dynamic measurement technique initial information was obtained on the contrast
enhancing properties, which are valuable factors during in vivo staging and in the prognostic work.
Key
words: Mammary tumour, dog, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), contrast enhancement
THE INFLUENCE OF
LATERALITY ON MASTITIS INCIDENCE IN DAIRY CATTLE – PRELIMINARY STUDY
B. H. Kikkers1, L. Ózsvári2, F. J. C. M. Van Eerdenburg1, Á. Cs. Bajcsy3 and O. Szenci3
1Department of Farm
Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL
Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Department of State Veterinary Medicine and
Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István
University, Budapest, Hungary; 3Clinic for Large Animals, Faculty of Veterinary
Science, Szent István University, H-2225 Üllő, Dóra major, Hungary
(Received 8 June 2005; accepted 20 October 2005)
During summer (June to August) of
continental weather conditions treated mastitis episodes at a large Hungarian dairy farm
were studied to determine the relationship between the distribution of mastitis among
quarters of the udder and the lying behaviour (laterality) of the cows. There was a
significant difference in laterality between cows that developed mastitis and cows that
did not. Cows that developed mastitis, had an increased left laterality in lying, which
was related to the increased probability of a right-sided mastitis episode. However, the
effect was not significant due to the large variation in the data. At the same time,
significantly more cows with clinical mastitis had a somatic cell count (SCC) higher than that of cows without clinical mastitis. While a
significant correlation was found between the
occurrence of treated mastitis cases and SCC > 1,000,000, no statistically
significant differences could be observed in milk production between the two groups.
Key
words: Dairy cattle, laterality, mastitis, incidence, SCC
DETECTION OF BOVINE LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY (BLAD) IN
TURKISH NATIVE AND HOLSTEIN CATTLE
B. Akyüz1 and O. Ertugrul2
1Department of
Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Baris Manco C. Sümer M.
38090 Kocasinan, Kayseri, Turkey; 2Department of Genetics, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
(Received 10 August 2005; accepted 20
October 2005)
The purpose of this work was to study whether
the bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) allele is present in native cattle breeds
and the Holstein breed in Turkey. Blood samples were obtained from 120 Holstein, 20 Brown Swiss, 20 Anatolian Black, 20
Turkish Grey, 20 South Anatolian Red and 20 East Anatolian Red cattle. The isolated DNA
materials were multiplied in PCR using the primer developed by Kriegesmann et al. (1997).
In order to determine the area of mutation in PCR products, the PCR products were digested
with TaqI endonuclease enzyme. The resulting
fragments were analysed on 2% agarose gel for the absence of a TaqI restriction site. It was found that two of the
Holstein cattle (a bull and a cow)
were heterozygote BLAD carriers. There was no homozygote BLAD animal. The BLAD allele was
not found in the other breeds used in the study. The mutant BLAD allele frequency in the
120 Holstein cattle calculations was
0.0084.
Key
words: BLAD, Holstein, PCR, Turkey
SEROLOGICAL SURVEY OF RACING PIGEONS FOR SELECTED PATHOGENS IN
TAIWAN
H.-J. Tsai1 and C.-Y. Lee1,2
1Graduate Institute of
Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; 2Versele-Laga Pigeon Hospital, Taipei 103, Taiwan
(Received 4 July 2005; accepted 20
October 2005)
To investigate the pathogens that racing pigeons
in Taiwan are exposed to, a total of
3764 pigeons from 90 lofts were analysed by collection of blood samples in the period
between October 2000 and September 2001. The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was
performed to detect antibodies against Newcastle disease virus (NDV), type 2 avian paramyxovirus (APMV-2), and egg drop
syndrome ’76 virus (EDS-76V). The agar-gel precipitin (AGP) test was used to detect
antibodies against fowl adenovirus (FAV), goose parvovirus (GPV), and avian reovirus
(REO). The virus neutralisation (VN) test was applied to detect antibodies against the
serotypes FAV-1 and FAV-8. A rapid serum agglutination test was applied for the detection
of antibodies against Mycoplasma spp.
Antibodies to several infectious agents were found, including NDV (43.3%), EDS-76V
(19.2%), FAV (0.8%), REO (0.5%), APMV-2 (0.2%), Mycoplasma
columbinum (10.3%), M. columborale (7.1%), M. synoviae (1.8%) and M. gallisepticum (1.3%). Antibodies against GPV,
FAV-1, and FAV-8 were not detected in any serum sample. NDV seroprevalence was
significantly higher in pigeons of more than one year of age than in pigeons younger than
one year. ND or EDS-76 seroprevalence of pigeons vaccinated with ND vaccine or EDS-76
vaccine was significantly higher than that of pigeons that did not receive any
vaccination.
Key
words: Egg drop syndrome ’76 virus, Newcastle disease virus, racing pigeons,
seroprevalence
Corresponding author: Hsiang-Jung Tsai, No. 1, Sec.
4, Roosevelt Road, Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University,
Taipei 106, Taiwan; E-mail: tsaihj@ntu.edu.tw; Fax:
00886 (2) 2364-9154
PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ARCOBACTER CRYAEROPHILUS INFECTION IN RAINBOW
TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS WALBAUM)
H. Yildiz1 and S. Aydin2
1Fisheries Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey; 2Kastamonu
Education Faculty, Gazi University, 37100 Kastamonu, Turkey
(Received 28 July 2005; accepted 20
October 2005)
Arcobacter
cryaerophilus was isolated from naturally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss Walbaum), and its pathogenicity was tested by intramuscular injection into 40
healthy 1-year-old rainbow trout at 16 °C. The lethal dosage of 50% end
point (LD50) for A. cryaerophilus was calculated 2.25 × 104
viable cells. Experimental infection caused
deaths with gross clinical abnormalities such as degenerated opercula and gills, liver
damage, haemorrhagic kidney and serous fluid in swollen intestines. The counts of A. cryaerophilus in kidney, liver and gills of
experimentally infected fish ranged from 1.59 × 1010 colony forming units
(cfu)/g to 7.41 × 1012 cfu/g. The means of erythrocyte (RBC) count,
haematocrit level, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin and total protein
concentrations in the blood of the experimentally infected rainbow trout group were
significantly lower than in the healthy fish. Leukocyte (WBC) counts of the experimentally
infected rainbow trout were significantly higher than those of healthy fish. The present
work shows that the selected blood characteristics may be good indicators of response to
infections in rainbow trout.
Key
words: Arcobacter cryaerophilus, rainbow
trout, LD50, leukocyte, haematocrit, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein,
albumin
RUMEN FERMENTATION AND STARCH DEGRADATION BY HOLSTEIN STEERS FED SODIUM-HYDROXIDE- OR FORMALDEHYDE-TREATED
WHEAT
J. Schmidt, T. Tóth and J. Fábián
Department of Animal Nutrition,
Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of West Hungary, H-9200
Mosonmagyaróvár, Vár 2, Hungary
(Received 9 June 2005; accepted 20
October 2005)
The authors investigated the effect of feeding
2% sodium-hydroxide-treated (as-fed basis) or 2% formaldehyde-treated (crude protein
basis) wheat to rumen-, duodenal- and ileocaecal-cannulated Holstein steers on rumen fermentation and ruminal and postruminal starch degradation.
Feeding 2 kg/day wheat treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or formaldehyde did not affect
negatively the main parameters of rumen fermentation, i.e. pH, short-chain fatty acid
(SCFA) production, and microbial activity. Fibre degradation in the rumen was
significantly improved when NaOH-treated wheat was fed. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that feeding NaOH-
and formaldehyde-treated wheat to steers significantly increased the amount of starch that
reached the small intestine. The amount of starch that entered the duodenum increased by
57% and 75% when steers were fed NaOH- and formaldehyde-treated wheat compared to the
control phase, respectively. This higher quantity of starch was digested and absorbed,
which can provide an increased glucose supply to the animals.
Key
words: NaOH, formaldehyde, wheat, bypass
starch, dairy cow
PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSE BY THE OSTRICH PROVENTRICULUS IN
IDIOPATHIC GASTRIC STASIS: A CASE REPORT
N. Ocal1, S. Karahan2 and T. Atmaca3
1Department of Internal
Medicine, 2Department of Basic Sciences and 3Department of
Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, 71451 Campus, Kirikkale,
Turkey
(Received 18 April 2005; accepted 20
October 2005)
In this report, the late clinical, necropsy, and
histopathological findings of idiopathic gastric stasis in an ostrich are described, with
special attention to the proventriculus. An ostrich with clinical signs of gastric stasis
was brought to our clinic in a state of impending death that could not be reversed with
emergency medical care. At necropsy, the koilin layer of the gizzard was uneven without
ulcerations. The proventriculus was distended with food items without impaction and
mucosal lesions. None of the most typical aetiological factors including foreign objects, Macrorhabdus ornithogaster and parasitic infection
with Libyostrongylus douglassii was
present. Histologically, the proventriculus was characterised by hyperplastic mucosa with
luminal buds and necrotic cells in the lumen. Immunochemistry for proliferating cell
nuclear antigen (PCNA) revealed a high rate of proliferation in epithelial cells of the
glandular and mucosal lining in the proventriculus neighbouring the affected gizzard:
approximately 88.6% of the cells were immunoreactive as compared to 34.4% of the cells in
control ostriches used for comparison. In conclusion, in the absence of gizzard
contraction, the mucosal lining of the proventriculus is hyperplastic with a high rate of
proliferation that may help compensate the distension due to the accumulation of food
items.
Key
words: Proventriculus, gastric stasis, ostrich, hyperplasia, proliferating cell
nuclear antigen
PREGNANCY STAGE AND NUMBER OF FETUSES MAY INFLUENCE MATERNAL
PLASMA LEPTIN IN EWES
Margit Kulcsár1, Gabriella Dankó2, H. G. I. Magdy3, J. Reiczigel1, T. Forgach4, Angella Proháczik1, Carole Delavaud5, K. Magyar2, Y. Chilliard5, L. Solti1 and Gy. Huszenicza1
1Faculty of Veterinary
Science, Szent István University, H-1400 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary; 2Faculty
of Agricultural Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; 3Department
of Applied Radiobiology, Nuclear Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; 4Frédéric
Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest,
Hungary; 5INRA-Theix, St-Genes Champanelle, France
(Received 5 August 2005; accepted 20
October 2005)
Maternal plasma
leptin is elevated in ewes during pregnancy. The authors studied whether there was any
relation between maternal plasma leptin and insulin concentrations, the number of fetuses
and the circulating and faecal levels of gestagens. At the end of the breeding season in
January the ovarian activity of Prolific Merino ewes was induced/synchronised with
gestagen + eCG treatment. Ewes were inseminated artificially (AI) by laparoscopy. Blood
and faecal samples were collected before AI (day 0) and again 41, 81 and 101 days later.
The plasma levels of leptin (pL), insulin and progesterone (pP4), and the
faecal P4 metabolite (P4-met) content were determined. The day 0
level of pL was significantly higher in pregnant (n = 24) than in non-pregnant ewes (n =
32). By day 41 the pL of pregnant animals had doubled, it showed a further moderate
increase on day 81, and decreased slightly thereafter. During pregnancy pP4 and
faecal P4-met rose continuously and were positively correlated at all stages.
The mean levels of pL and pP4 and the faecal content of P4-met were
lower in ewes bearing single (n = 12) than in those with 2 (n = 6) or 3–5 fetuses (n = 6). Analysis of variance
demonstrated significant differences
according to the number of fetuses in the pL and pP4, but not in P4-met
(p = 0.042, 0.044, and 0.051,
respectively). Leptin showed positive correlation with insulin before the AI but not
during pregnancy. On days 41 and 81 pL showed a slight positive correlation
with P4 and P4-met, which decreased slightly by day 101. This study
shows that although leptinaemia is affected by the number of fetuses and the level of P4,
pregnancy stage is a more important regulator than these additional factors.
Key
words: Ewe, leptin, pregnancy, fetus, progesterone
ENDOCRINE CHARACTERISTICS OF LATE PREGNANT HYPERKETONAEMIC
EWES AND THEIR REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE FOLLOWING THE INDUCTION OF OVARIAN CYCLICITY OUT
OF THE BREEDING SEASON
Margit Kulcsár1, Gabriella Dankó2, Carole Delavaud3, C. Mircu4, Anna J. Nikolic5, A. Gáspárdy1, H. Cernescu4, Y. Chilliard3, S. Cseh1, P.
Rudas1 and Gy. Huszenicza1
1Faculty of Veterinary
Science, Szent István University, H-1400 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary; 2Faculty
of Agricultural Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; 3INRA,
Herbivore Research Unit, St-Genes Champanelle, France; 4 Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Banat University, Timisoara, Romania; 5Institute for the Application
of Nuclear Energy, Zemun, Serbia and Montenegro
(Received 5 August 2005; accepted 20
October 2005)
Ketosis was diagnosed
in a flock of Merino ewes that conceived from synchronised oestrus in the early autumn
period. On day 140 of pregnancy the ewes were sampled for determination of ßOH-butyrate
(BHB), AST, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), total cholesterol (TCH), insulin,
T4, T3, cortisol, IGF-1 and leptin. The results were evaluated
according to the number of fetuses born some days later and the presence of
hyperketonaemia (BHB: ? 1.60 mmol/l). In May, about 3 months after lambing,
cyclic ovarian function was induced (Cronolone + eCG), and the ewes were inseminated
artificially (AI) 48 h after the removal of gestagen-containing sponge. At the time of AI
and 10 days later blood samples were collected again to check the plasma levels of the
same constituents as previously (in samples taken at AI), and to monitor the ovarian
response by assaying progesterone (in both samples). On day 140 of gestation significantly
lower BHB levels were detected in dams with single (n = 41) than in those with twin (n =
57) pregnancies. Hyperketonaemia was found only in ewes bearing twins (n = 27). These
animals had higher NEFA and cortisol, and lower TCH, insulin, IGF-1, leptin and T3
levels than their normoketonaemic twin-bearing flock-mates, and those with single
pregnancy. The blood glucose concentrations varied within a wide range, and the means of
groups did not exhibit any significant differences. The formerly hyperketonaemic
individuals were characterised by lower leptin level 3 months after lambing, and they
showed a poorer response to the cycle-induction procedure than the others. The
non-responders had lower IGF-1 and leptin levels than those ovulated after this treatment.
It was concluded that the subclinical form of ovine ketosis is characterised by complex
endocrine alterations, reflecting an obvious form of negative energy balance. If attempts
to induce cyclic ovarian function outside the breeding season are made soon after lambing,
the ovarian response and fertility of these ewes may also be depressed.
Key
words: Ewe, pregnancy, ketosis, leptin,
IGF-I, ovary
Corresponding author: Gyula
Huszenicza; E-mail: huszenicza.gyula@aotk.szie.hu;
Phone: 0036 (1) 478-4202; Fax: 0036 (1) 478-4230
DUODENAL MOTILITY IS NOT AFFECTED DURING DUODENOTOMY IN PIGS
J. Schnoor1,
Juliane K. Unger2, A. Hofeditz1, B. Bode1, R. Rossaint1 and J. Silny3
1Department
of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany; 2Department of Comparative Medicine and Experimental Animal
Sciences, Charité Campus Virchow, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany; 3Femu
Research Institute, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany
(Received 25 July 2005; accepted 20
October 2005)
The effects of surgical procedures on intestinal
motility are still under debate. In order to quantify the effects of duodenotomy on
duodenal motility, the present study used the electric impedance technique (IMP). Ten pigs
(32–40 kg) were instrumented under general anaesthesia with a central venous catheter
(CVC) and a percutaneous enterogastrostomy (PEG). Duodenal phases I–III and the duration
of the migrating motor complex (MMC) were measured by an IMP catheter, which was
introduced non-invasively into the proximal duodenum via the PEG by endoscopy, or through
surgical placement in an invasive manner via duodenotomy. There were no significant
differences in the length of interdigestive phases I–III between the groups. In
tendency, pigs after laparotomy and duodenotomy demonstrated slightly prolonged median
duration of phase I (P = 0.1) and phase III (P = 0.7), while phase II (P = 0.1) and the MMC cycle length (P = 0.6) seemed to be shortened as compared to pigs
of the PEG group. In conclusion, simple laparotomy with duodenotomy did not affect the
proximal duodenal motility activity measured by the impedance technique.
Key
words: Duodenotomy, duodenal motility, electric impedance, migrating motor complex
HIGHLY DIVERSE TYPE OF EQUINE ARTERITIS VIRUS (EAV) FROM THE
SEMEN OF A SOUTH AFRICAN DONKEY: SHORT COMMUNICATION
T. Stadejek1, Ch. Mittelholzer2, M.
B. Oleksiewicz3, J. Paweska4 and S. Belák5
1Department of Swine
Diseases, The National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Partyzantów 57,
Poland; 2Department of Virology, The National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala,
Sweden; 3Novo Nordisk A/S, Virology and Molecular Toxicology, Malov, Denmark; 4National
Institute for Communicable Diseases, Special Pathogens Unit, Sandringham, Republic of
South Africa; 5Departments of Virology, Joint R & D Division, The National
Veterinary Institute and The Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
(Received 13 June 2005; accepted 20
October 2005)
Equine arteritis virus (EAV) was detected by
RT-nested PCR in semen samples from a naturally infected South African donkey. Sequence
analysis of the amplified ORF5 fragment revealed only 60 to 70% nucleotide identity to a
panel of EAV reference sequences. The unique donkey EAV sequence was also found to be
stable during passage in horses. The sequence data reported in this study indicate that
the South African donkey variant might represent a new genotype of EAV. The distinct
genetic properties of the South African asinine strain of EAV suggest a divergent
evolution of this arterivirus in various host species or, alternatively, a possible role
for African donkeys in the emergence of EAV in horses.
Key
words: EAV, arterivirus, genetic diversity,
donkey
Corresponding author: Tomasz Stadejek; E-mail: stadejek@piwet.pulawy.pl; Fax: 0048
(81) 886-2595; Present address: Institute of Marine
Research Austevoll, Storebo, Norway
APPLICATION OF POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND VIRUS ISOLATION
TECHNIQUES FOR THE DETECTION OF VIRUSES IN ABORTED AND NEWBORN FOALS
Á. Hornyák1,2, T. Bakonyi2, Mónika Kulik3, S. Kecskeméti4 and M. Rusvai2
1Central Veterinary
Institute, H-1149 Budapest, Tábornok u. 2, Hungary; 2Faculty of Veterinary
Science, Szent István University, H-1078 Budapest, István u. 2, Hungary; 3Bábolna
National Stud Farm Ltd, Tata-Dióspuszta, Hungary; 4Central Veterinary
Institute, Institute of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
(Received 29 June 2005; accepted 20
October 2005)
The occurrence of two important pathogens,
equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) and equine arteritis virus (EAV) causing abortions, perinatal
foal mortality and respiratory disease, was investigated by polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) and virus isolation to demonstrate the presence of abortigenic viruses in samples
from 248 horse fetuses in Hungary. We found 26 EHV1- and 4 EAV-positive aborted or
prematurely born foals from 16 and 4 outbreaks, respectively, proving that despite the
widely applied vaccination, EHV1 is a far more important cause of abortions in the studs
than EAV. We compared the virus content of different organs of the fetuses by PCR and
isolation to identify the organ most suitable for virus demonstration. Our investigations
indicate that the quantity of both viruses is highest in the lungs; therefore, according
to our observations, in positive cases the probability of detection is highest from lung
samples of aborted or newborn foals. Both the PCR and the virus isolation results revealed
that the liver, though widely used, is not the best organ to sample either for EHV1 or for
EAV detection. From the analysis of the epidemiological data, we tried to estimate the
importance of the two viruses in the Hungarian horse population.
Key
words: Equine herpesvirus, equine viral arteritis, equine arteritis virus, PCR, equine
rhinopneumonitis, virus isolation, equine abortion
EFFECTS OF TWO INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VACCINE VIRUS STRAINS
ON HEPATIC MICROSOMAL ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN CHICKENS
Andreja Prevendar Crnić1,
D. Sakar1, Jelena Pompe-Gotal1, Z. Biđin2, Ivana Lojkić2 and S. Čajavec3
1Department of
Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; 3Veterina
Ltd, Rakov Potok, Croatia
(Received 16 May 2005; accepted 20
October 2005)
The influence of two infectious bursal disease
vaccines on the activities of hepatic microsomal enzymes aniline hydroxylase,
ethylmorphine N-demethylase, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, aryl sulphotransferase and
p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase was investigated in chickens. The vaccines
contained attenuated Winterfield 2512 and VMG-91 strains, respectively. The activities of
enzymes were determined on postvaccination days 0, 2, 5 and 7. At the same time,
post-mitochondrial supernatant, cytosolic and microsomal pellet protein concentrations
were determined. As expected. the antibody titres against infectious bursal disease virus
in the serum were increased in both tested groups in relation to each administered
vaccine. Using RT-PCR, the presence of the VP2 gene fragment of virus in the liver of
chicken was demonstrated 4 and 6 h after vaccination. The results of this study suggest
that the two commercial vaccines modulate the activities of five enzymes tested, and that
the two attenuated vaccines applied triggered induction and/or inhibition of phases I and
II of biotransformation enzyme activities.
Key
words: Infectious bursal disease vaccines,
hepatic biotransformation enzymes, broiler chickens
Corresponding author; E-mail: apcrnic@vef.hr; Fax: 00385 (1) 244-1390
BOOK REVIEW
J. Eckert, K. T.
Friedhoff, H. Zahner and P. Deplazes: Lehrbuch der Parasitologie für die Tiermedizin.
(Textbook of Parasitology for Veterinary Medicine). Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, 2005. 575 pages, 435 figures, of which 54 are life
cycle schemes of parasite species, 113 tables, 19.5 × 27.0 cm. ISBN 3-8304-1032-8. Price:
89.95 €.
