Biochemistry and physiology
Developmental dynamics of some blood biochemical parameters in
the growing turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). A. Szabó, M. Mézes, P. Horn, Z. Sütő, Gy. Bázár and R. Romvári
397
In sacco studies of conjugated
linoleic acid production from various oils in the rumen of sheep. G. Szöllőskei, L. Wagner,
Stefánia Németh and F. Husvéth 411
Effect of
alpha-tocopherol on antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). I.
Gülçin, Ş. Beydemir and O. Hisar 425
Nutrition
Study of the energy and protein balance
of pregnant rabbit does using two comparative methods. S. Gy. Fekete, I.
Hullár, R. Romvári, Emese Andrásofszky and Zs. Szendrő 435
Parasitology
Effect of age, sex and season on the prevalence and intensity
of helminth infections in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) from Bursa Province, Turkey. B. Senlik, E. Gulegen and V. Akyol
449
Reproduction
Comparison of leptin levels in serum and follicular fluid
during the oestrous cycle in cows. A. Dayi, C. S. Bediz, B. Musal, O. Yilmaz, A.
Comlekci, M. Celiloglu and D. Cimrin 457
Effect of prepubertal ovariohysterectomy on bone mineral
density and bone mineral content in puppies. H. Ekici, B. H. Sontas, T. S. F. Toydemir, Ö.
Senmevsim, L. Kabasakal and Y. Imre 469
Virology
Selective apoptotic behaviour of bovine herpesvirus 1 in an
epithelial-like microenvironment. Yasemin Baskin, Z. Yazici, H. Baskin, A. Ozkul,
Nur Olgun and I. H.
Bahar 479
Haematological
and histological findings in birds experimentally infected with highly pathogenic H5N2
avian influenza virus. Guadalupe Ramírez,
T. Fehervari, L. H. Paasch and Norma
L. Calderón 493
Haematological
and histological findings in Leghorn
chickens infected with infectious bursal disease virus strain 73668. Araceli
Lima, T. Fehervari, L. H. Paasch and Norma
L. Calderón 501
Thrombocytopenia
in Newcastle
disease: Haematological evaluation and histological study of bone marrow. Norma L.
Calderón, Felipa Galindo-Muniz, Mireya Ortiz, B. Lomniczi, T. Fehervari and L. H.
Paasch 507
Eradication
of Aujeszky’s disease from a large-scale pig farm. M. Komáromi and I. Szabó 515
Book reviews 525
DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS OF SOME BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN
THE GROWING TURKEY (MELEAGRIS
GALLOPAVO)
A. Szabó1, M. Mézes2, P. Horn1, Z. Sütő1, Gy. Bázár1 and R. Romvári1
1Faculty of Animal
Science, University of Kaposvár, H-7400 Kaposvár, Guba S. u. 40, Hungary; 2Faculty
of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
(Received February 14, 2005; accepted June 21, 2005)
Blood serum clinical biochemical parameters of
fasted BUT Big 8 male turkeys were determined at the ages of 3 days, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20
weeks, for a follow-up of the developmental changes of some serum metabolites, enzymes and
ions. The serum protein content (total protein, albumin, globulin) increased with age,
indicating also the moulting-associated metabolic changes in the age interval from the 8th
to the 12th weeks. Creatinine was shown to have a peak at 3 days of age (role of muscle
activity in thermogenesis), while urate concentration sensitively reflected the dietary
protein amount. Serum triglycerides peaked at the time of yolk catabolism, while
cholesterol was shown to indicate the moulting, as was serum malondialdehyde. Serum sodium
content increased throughout the study. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate
aminotransferase activities increased along the ontogeny, while alkaline phosphatase
activity decreased in parallel with the growth. Serum creatine kinase activity showed an
over one-magnitude increase. General metabolic and enzymatic alterations were
characteristic and applicable for the description of the ontogenetic development of a
precocial (post–hatch triglyceride peak), large bodied, meat-type (lactate
dehydrogenase, continuously increasing creatine kinase) bird species.
Key
words: Development, serum biochemical
parameters, turkey, growth
IN SACCO STUDIES OF
CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID PRODUCTION FROM VARIOUS OILS IN THE RUMEN OF SHEEP
G. Szöllőskei, L. Wagner, Stefánia Németh and
F. Husvéth
Department of Animal Physiology
and Animal Nutrition, Georgikon Faculty of Agriculture, University of Veszprém, H-8360
Keszthely, Deák F. u. 16, Hungary
(Received January 13, 2005; accepted June 21, 2005)
In this experiment sunflower oil, soybean oil
and fish oil were incubated in rumen-fistulated adult ewes (n = 5) to study conjugated
linoleic acid (CLA) production in the rumen. The individual oils were incubated in nylon
bags in the rumen on perlite carrier (40% oil, 60% carrier) over a period of 2, 4, 6, 8,
10 and 12 h for all treatments. During the incubation of each oil primarily the
formation of the cis-9, trans-11 isomer of CLA could be observed. Both
sunflower and soybean oils showed similar changes in the rumen. After the incubation of
these two vegetable oils the proportion of linoleic acid decreased significantly as the
duration of incubation increased in the rumen. These changes were accompanied by a
significant increase in the amount of cis-9, trans-11 CLA. However, in the case of sunflower
oil the rate of formation of the cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer was significantly higher after
the different incubation times as compared to soybean oil. Much lower amounts of CLA were
formed when fish oil was incubated in the rumen. The level of cis-9,
trans-11 isomer produced during these treatments was 10% less than the amount obtained
with the other two oils of vegetable origin. Besides the cis-9,
trans-11 isomer, trans-10,
cis-12 CLA could also be detected during the incubation of the different oils in the
rumen. However, the level of this isomer was low and did not show consistent differences
among the treatments. The results of this experiment indicate that the fatty acid
composition of the oils and the duration of incubation collectively determine the amount
of CLA produced in the first compartment of the forestomach of ruminants.
Key
words: Conjugated linoleic acid, unsaturated
fatty acids, ruminal metabolism, oils
EFFECT OF ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ON ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITIES AND
LIPID PEROXIDATION IN RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS
MYKISS)
I. GülçIn1,
Ş. BeydemIr1
and O. HIsar2
1Department of
Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, 2Department of Aquaculture, Faculty
of Agriculture, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
(Received July 6, 2004; accepted April
18, 2005)
In this study, the effect of alpha-tocopherol
on the antioxidant capacity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) was determined. For this purpose, activities of antioxidant enzymes such as
catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and glutathione reductase (GSSG-Rx) were investigated.
Enzyme activities were measured at 0 (control), 1, 3 and 5 h after alpha-tocopherol
injection. In addition, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a lipid peroxidation marker
were determined in the erythrocytes. The results showed that alpha-tocopherol
significantly activated the CAT, POD and GSSG-Rx enzymes as compared with the enzyme
activities found in the controls (p < 0.05). However, MDA levels were significantly
decreased by alpha-tocopherol treatment (p < 0.05). The results suggest that
alpha-tocopherol may have a pro-oxidant tendency at a high dose and cause mild oxidative
stress which could modulate signal transduction cascades, redirect gene expression, and
influence many cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, and
reproduction. For this reason, alpha-tocopherol should be used carefully in all
applications in relation to fish.
Key
words: alpha-Tocopherol, antioxidant enzyme, lipid peroxidation, trout
STUDY OF THE ENERGY AND PROTEIN BALANCE OF PREGNANT
RABBIT DOES USING TWO COMPARATIVE METHODS
S. Gy. Fekete1,
I. Hullár1, R. Romvári2, Emese Andrásofszky1 and Zs. Szendrő3
1Institute of Animal
Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent
István University, H-1400 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary; 2Institute of
Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, 3Department of Small Animal
Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Kaposvár, Kaposvár, Hungary
(Received January 31, 2005; accepted June 21, 2005)
The total body composition of 4 × 10
female, 5-month-old New Zealand White rabbits was determined, using direct chemical
analysis and computerised tomography (CT). Ten non-pregnant rabbits (control) and 3 × 10
pregnant rabbits at days 14, 21 and 28 of gestation, respectively, were included in the
study. With the advancement of pregnancy, the body weight (BW) of does significantly (P
< 0.05) increased (control: 3255 g, day 28: 3938 g), while the dry matter, DM (control:
43.02%, day 28: 40.94%), ether extract, EE (control: 20.15%, day 28: 18.13%), crude
protein, CP (control: 20.15%, day 28: 18.13%), and energy concentration decreased
(control: 12.41 MJ/kg BW, day 28: 11.81 MJ/kg BW). During pregnancy the protein content of
uteri (control: 12.24%, day 28: 49.45% of DM) and the retained energy in the form of
uterus with fetuses (day 14: 0.824 MJ, day 28: 2.189 MJ) increased, while the dry matter
(control: 82.39%, day 28: 28.96%) and ether extract content (control: 86.05%, day 28:
45.92% of DM) of uteri decreased. With the advancement of pregnancy the dry matter (day
14: 39.70%, day 28: 18.65%) and crude protein (day 14: 75.74%; day 28: 63.63% of DM)
content and the number of fetuses (day 14: 8.8; day 28: 6.4) decreased, while their fat
concentration (day 14: 10.13%, day 28: 24.34% of DM) increased. According to the equations
created from the CT pictures, body fat (R2 = 0.871) and energy (R2 =
0.926) content can be predicted with high accuracy. The accuracy of predicting body
protein content is much lower (R2 = 0.356), which can be improved by
introducing the body weight as a new dependent variable (R2 = 0.797). It can
also be concluded that, in contrast to other animal species, rabbit fetuses show
considerable development not only in the last trimester of gestation but already from the
second half of pregnancy.
Key
words: Pregnant rabbit, fetus, uterus,
chemical composition, CT, energy and protein balance
EFFECT OF AGE, SEX AND SEASON ON THE PREVALENCE AND INTENSITY
OF HELMINTH INFECTIONS IN DOMESTIC PIGEONS (COLUMBA
LIVIA) FROM BURSA PROVINCE, TURKEY
B. Senlik, E. Gulegen and V. Akyol
Department of Parasitology,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag
University, 16059 Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey
(Received October 12, 2004; accepted April 18, 2005)
The one-year study reported in this paper was
carried out from April 2002 to March 2003 in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) of Bursa Province (Turkey) to
determine the occurrence of helminth species and to evaluate the effect of host age, sex
and season on their prevalence and intensity. A total of 100 (31 young and 69 adult)
domestic pigeons were necropsied and examined. The results of necropsies revealed that 74
pigeons harboured helminth infections. Three helminth species were identified: Baruscapillaria obsignata (63%), Ascaridia columbae (42%) and Raillietina echinobothrida (1%). There were no
significant differences in the prevalence of B.
obsignata and A. columbae by host age and
sex. Significantly the highest prevalence rate of A.
columbae was observed in the autumn months, but there was no significant difference in
the seasonal prevalence of B. obsignata. The
mean intensity of B. obsignata and A. columbae was higher in adults than in young
pigeons but it did not differ significantly between the two sexes. The highest mean
intensity rate of B. obsignata was observed in
the autumn, while there was no significant difference for A. columbae with regard to season. From the data
obtained in this study it can be concluded that in regions with similar climatic
conditions as those in the present study area, pigeon breeders should be cautioned
especially of B. obsignata and A. columbae infections of adult pigeons in the
autumn months.
Key
words: Helminth, pigeon, age, sex, season
Corresponding author: Dr. Bayram Senlik; E-mail:
senlikb@yahoo.com; Phone: +90 (224) 442 9200; Fax: +90 (224) 442 8025
COMPARISON OF LEPTIN LEVELS IN SERUM AND FOLLICULAR FLUID
DURING THE OESTROUS CYCLE IN COWS
A. Dayi1, C. S. Bediz1, B. Musal6, O. Yilmaz2, A. Comlekci3, M. Celiloglu4 and D. Cimrin5
1Department of
Physiology, 2Department of Animal Science, 3Department of
Endocrinology and Metabolism, 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 5Laboratory
of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, 35340 Izmir,
Turkey; 6Department of Obstetrics and Reproductive Diseases, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
(Received November 10, 2004; accepted April 18, 2005)
Leptin is mainly synthesised in white adipose
tissue. Besides its effects on body weight and metabolic homeostasis, leptin also has
effects on puberty, sexual maturation and reproduction. In this study the relationship
between leptin, IGF-1, oestradiol (E2) and progesterone levels were
investigated in serum and follicular fluid from cows. This study included 72 healthy,
Brown Swiss cows aged 4–5 years. Samples from the jugular vein and follicular
fluids were collected. Phases of the oestrus cycle of cows were classified according to
their serum progesterone levels (< 3.18 nmol/l, follicular phase and the others as
luteal phase). Follicles were grouped as large (< 8 mm) or small (< 8 mm). Leptin,
IGF-1, oestradiol and progesterone levels were measured from serum and follicular fluid.
Leptin concentrations were found to be significantly higher in luteal-phase follicular
fluid of small follicles (P < 0.05). These were classified as atretic follicles. There
was a positive correlation between serum and follicular fluid leptin levels in the luteal
phase. Serum leptin was found to have a positive correlation with follicular fluid
progesterone level (P = 0.01) in the preovulatory follicles. The present study shows that
there is a relationship between the concentration of leptin in follicular fluid and
atresia in small follicles.
Key
words: Leptin, reproduction,
folliculogenesis, cow
Corresponding author: Ayfer Dayi; E-mail:
adayi@deu.edu.tr; Phone: +90 (232) 412 4461; Fax: + 90 (232) 259 0541
EFFECT OF PREPUBERTAL OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY ON BONE MINERAL
DENSITY AND BONE MINERAL CONTENT IN PUPPIES
H. Ekici1, B. H. Sontas1, T. S. F. Toydemir1, Ö. Senmevsim2, L. Kabasakal2 and Y. Imre2
1Department of
Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcilar
Campus, 34850 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey; 2Department of Nuclear Medicine,
Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
(Received December 1, 2004; accepted April 18, 2005)
In this study, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
(DXA) was performed on the calcaneus (CAL) and accessory carpal bone (ACB) of early-age
neutered (n = 11) and sham-operated puppies (n = 10) to investigate changes in bone
mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) over time. Prepubertal
ovariohysterectomy and sham surgery were performed at 10 weeks, while BMD and BMC were
measured at 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks of age. BMD and BMC of CAL and ACB of
ovariohysterectomised puppies were found to be higher. The differences between the groups
were statistically unimportant; however, the fourth measurement of the ACB showed a
significant (P < 0.05) difference. Sexually intact puppies weighed less than
gonadectomised puppies in all measurements. Because of the positive correlations between
body weight and bone mineral density, BMD and BMC of early-age neutered puppies were found
to be higher. These results suggest that BMD and BMC are not affected by prepubertal
ovariohysterectomy until six months of age in mixed-breed puppies.
Key
words: Bone mineral density, prepubertal
ovariohysterectomy, dog
Corresponding
author: Hayri Ekici; E-mail: ekici@istanbul.edu.tr; Fax: +90 (212) 591 6976
SELECTIVE APOPTOTIC BEHAVIOUR OF BOVINE HERPESVIRUS 1 IN AN
EPITHELIAL-LIKE MICROENVIRONMENT
Yasemin Baskin1, Z. Yazici2, H. Baskin3, A. Ozkul4, Nur Olgun1 and I. H. Bahar3
1Oncology Institute and
3Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine,
Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; 2Department of
Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Kurupelit, Samsun,
Turkey; 4Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara
University, Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey
(Received October 7, 2004; accepted April
18, 2005)
Apoptosis seems to play an important role in
the pathogenic profile of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) infection. Nitric oxide (NO) is
also important as a signal molecule. In this study, apoptosis was selectively induced in
HEp-2 cells in the early stage [1–3 h postinfection (PI)] of BHV-1 multiplication, and
this apoptotic process was realised through the caspase-8, and partially through the
caspase-3, pathway. BHV-1 infection inhibited staurosporine- (SS-) induced apoptosis only
if the SS was added at 6 h PI. The results of this study showed that the
‘NO–apoptosis’ relation was realised through the caspase-8 pathway (‘outer
membrane receptor’ pathway) at a later stage of infection in apoptosis induced by BHV-1
+ SS. Our previous report (Yazici et al., 2004) and this study together showed that BHV-1
might induce and inhibit cell-type-specific pathways of apoptosis.
Key
words: Bovine herpesvirus 1, apoptosis, nitric oxide, HEp-2 cells
HAEMATOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN BIRDS
EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH HIGHLY PATHOGENIC H5N2 AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS
Guadalupe Ramírez1, T. Fehervari2, L. H. Paasch2 and Norma L. Calderón2
1Department of
Pathology, Section of Clinical Diagnosis and 2Department of Animal Production:
Poultry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, National Autonomous University
of Mexico, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
(Received September 20, 2004; accepted December 16, 2004)
Experimental infection of
specific-pathogen-free (SPF) Leghorn
chickens with a highly pathogenic H5N2 avian influenza virus produced cellular hyperplasia
in the bone marrow at 36 hours post infection (hpi) and haematological evidence of
monocytosis, thrombocytopenia and heterophilia was also detected. An early, significant
and progressive haematological change was thrombocytopenia starting at 24 hpi without an
increase of prothrombin time. The findings suggest that highly pathogenic avian influenza
virus interferes only with the primary haemostatic mechanisms by consumption of
thrombocytes, while the secondary haemostatic mechanisms remain intact.
Key words: Avian influenza, pathological findings,
pathogenesis, chickens
HAEMATOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN LEGHORN CHICKENS INFECTED WITH INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS STRAIN
73688
Araceli Lima1, T. Fehervari2, L. H. Paasch2 and Norma L. Calderón2
1Department of
Pathology, Section of Clinical Diagnosis and 2Department of Animal Production:
Poultry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
(Received September 20, 2004; accepted December 16, 2004)
In the present study, specific-pathogen-free,
2-week-old Leghorn chickens were
experimentally infected with strain 73688 of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in
order to evaluate haematological and histological changes that might suggest a
pathomechanism for haemorrhages in this disease. At 96 hours post infection (hpi) a
significant increase in prothrombin time was detected in the absence of visible lesions in
myeloid bone marrow tissue and of significant thrombocytopenia. The aforementioned
findings suggest alteration of the secondary coagulation mechanisms and not a direct
effect of virus on thrombocytes or its precursors.
Key
words: Infectious bursal disease, chicken, haematological findings, coagulation
THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN NEWCASTLE
DISEASE: HAEMATOLOGICAL EVALUATION AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF BONE MARROW
Norma L. Calderón1,
Felipa Galindo-Muniz1, Mireya Ortiz2, B. Lomniczi3, T. Fehervari1 and L. H. Paasch1
1Department of Animal
Production: Poultry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, National
Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico; 2National Service
of Health, Innocuity and Quality of Agricultural Products, Mexico City, Mexico; 3Veterinary
Medical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
(Received September 20, 2004; accepted December 16, 2004)
A Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated in Mexico and called Chimalhuacan strain was characterised by gene F restriction
enzyme analysis and found to be a genotype II velogenic virus. Haematological evaluations
and histological studies of bone marrow were conducted on chickens experimentally infected
with the Chimalhuacan virus and on control chickens. Within 72 hours post infection (hpi),
a 50% decrease in thrombocyte and monocyte counts and a complete cellular depletion in
bone marrow islands were evident in the infected group. These findings suggest that the
Chimalhuacan strain of NDV causes an early and severe damage of the haematopoietic cells
including thrombocyte precursors, which might explain
the marked thrombocytopenia detected in early stages of this disease.
Key words: Newcastle disease, bone marrow, pathology, thrombocytopenia
ERADICATION OF AUJESZKY’S DISEASE FROM A LARGE-SCALE PIG
FARM
M. Komáromi1 and I. Szabó2
1‘Csillag’
Agricultural Co-operative, Hajdúböszörmény, Hungary; 2Pfizer
Ltd. Animal Health Division, Budapest,
Hungary
(Received June 4, 2004; accepted December
16, 2004)
Eradication of Aujeszky’s disease from a
large-scale pig farm by the ‘test-and-cull’ eradication procedure based on the use of
gene-deleted vaccines and serological monitoring using gE ELISA is described. Aujeszky’s
disease free status was successfully achieved on a farrow-to-finish type farm
characterised by three difficulties interfering with the success of eradication: (i) weaned (30-day-old) piglets remained in the
farrowing house until 65 days of age; (ii) the
farm did not use nursery rearing; (iii)
fatteners were kept together with the breeding gilts. Thus, the immunisation programme had
to be adjusted to the management technology used on the farm, and by regular serological
monitoring it had to be periodically modified to
make it suitable for attaining the goals. This meant that breeding animal candidates of a
wide age range and kept in the same air space had to be provided with a continuously
high-level immunity by regular vaccination sufficient even for rectifying potential human
errors. The immunisation programme was designed by taking into consideration the
disappearance of maternal immunity, and a strict vaccination programme was applied during
the rearing of breeding gilts kept together with the fattening pigs. Frequent immunisation
applied during the rearing of the own breeding animal replacements proved to be of
decisive importance for the eradication of Aujeszky’s disease from the entire herd. In
addition to the accurate implementation of the vaccination programme, regular serological
monitoring also made a major contribution to the success of eradication.
Key
words: Aujeszky’s disease, eradication, large-scale pig farm
BOOK REVIEWS
OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code. 13th and
14th editions (2004 and 2005) from the World Organization for Animal Health, Paris, France. 14th edition, 2005. ISBN 92-9044-635-8. Ref.: A
135
Jacques
Euzéby, Gilles Bourdoiseau, Claude-Marie Chauve: Dictionnaire de parasitologie médicale et
vétérinaire (Dictionary of Medical and Veterinary Parasitology). Éditions Tec
& Doc – EM Inter – Lavoisier. Cachan, France, 2005. 492 pages. ISBN 2-7430-0705-2
