48 (3) (2000)
CONTENTS AND ABSTRACTS
Bacteriology
Characterisation of Rhodococcus equi strains isolated from foals and from immunocompromised human patients.
L. Makrai, L. Fodor, Á. Csivincsik, J. Varga, Zs. Senoner and B. Szabó
253Clinical veterinary medicine
Abdominal ultrasonography in pet guinea pigs.
A. Beregi, V. Molnár, Suzanne Zorn, Cs. Felkai and K. Vörös
261Ultrasonographic detection of abdominal abscess in two guinea pigs.
A. Beregi, Suzanne Zorn, V. Molnár and F. Bíró
271Infectious diseases
Disease caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides LC in Hungarian goat herds.
E. Bajmócy, Ibolya Turcsányi, G. Bölske, Á. Bacsadi and I. Kiss
277Laboratory diagnostics
A new, modern, cost-saving micro/macro method for the determination of serum fructosamine.
Klára Oppel, Margit Kulcsár, L. Bárdos, A. Ferencz, Hajnalka Lakner, Judit Simon, Kriszta Temesváry and Krisztina Karchesz
285Pharmacology
In vitro hepatic biotransformation profiles of sulphamonomethoxine in food-producing animals and rats.
N. Furusawa
293Physiology
Effect of beta-carotene and nucleotide base supplementation on blood composition and immune response in weaned pigs.
Melinda Zomborszky-Kovács, L. Bárdos, H. Bíró, S. Tuboly, Erzsébet Wolf-Táskai, Á. Tóth and P. Soós
301Reproduction
Importance of assisted reproductive technologies in the conservation of wild, rare or indigenous ungulates: Review article.
S. Cseh and L. Solti
313Comparative study of different methods for dog semen cryopreservation and testing under clinical conditions.
F. Szász, G. Gábor and L. Solti
325Ram seminal plasma and fertility: Results from an ongoing field study.
Sophia Belibasaki, G. S. Amiridis, A. Lymberopoulos, Sophia Varsakeli and Theodora Kouskoura
335Surgery
Arthroscopic autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty for the treatment of subchondral cystic lesion in the medial femoral condyle in a horse.
G. Bodó, L. Hangody, Zsuzsa Szabó, Ch. Peham, Monika Schinzel, D. Girtler and P. Sótonyi
343Experimental autologous substitute vascular graft for transplantation surgery.
L. Kóbori, G. Dallos, Anette S. H. Gouw, T. Németh, B. Nemes, I. Fehérvári, A. M. Tegzess, M. J. H. Slooff, F. Perner and K. P. De Jong
355Toxicology
Studies on the toxic interaction between monensin and tiamulin in rats: Effects on P450 activities.
G. Szűcs, P. Laczay, Judit Bajnógel and Zsuzsa Móra
361Effect of immersion fluid temperature on the chicken embryo in teratogenicity tests: Short communication.
L. Várnagy, Erzsébet Molnár and P. Budai
369
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 48 (3), pp. 253–259 (2000)
CHARACTERISATION OF RHODOCOCCUS EQUI STRAINS ISOLATED FROM FOALS AND
*, L. Fodor1, Á. Csivincsik1, J. Varga1, Zs. Senoner2 and B. Szabó3
FROM IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HUMAN PATIENTS1
Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, H-1581 Budapest, P.O. Box 22, Hungary; 2Korányi National Institute of Tuberculosis and Pulmonology, H-1121 Budapest, Pihenő u. 1, Hungary; 3Department of Microbiology, University Medical School of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary(Received June 24, 1999; accepted February 1, 2000)
The cultural, morphological, biochemical, serological characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of 25 Rhodococcus equi strains isolated from lungs and lung abscesses of pneumonic foals and 5 R. equi strains isolated from immunocompromised human patients were examined. All R. equi strains showed common cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics both with conventional tests and on the basis of their enzyme profile. The R. equi strains examined were resistant to penicillins with the exception of ampicillin, to sulphamethazine and several strains also to sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim. All strains were susceptible to erythromycin and rifampicin. The strains isolated from humans showed somewhat higher rate of antibiotic resistance to penicillin, cefotaxime, kanamycin, streptomycin, lincomycin, and oxytetracycline. The overwhelming majority (96%) of the equine isolates belonged to serotype 1 in Prescott’s serotyping system, while the human isolates could not be serotyped.
Key words: Rhodococcus equi, biochemical characteristics, serotyping, enzymatic activity, antibiotic susceptibility
*
László Makrai, E-mail: makrai@novell.vmri.hu; Fax: +36 (1) 251 9260Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 48 (3), pp. 261–269 (2000)
ABDOMINAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN PET GUINEA PIGS
*, V. Molnár1, Suzanne Zorn2, Cs. Felkai3 and K. Vörös11
Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science,(Received February 25, 2000; accepted May 3, 2000)
Ultrasonographic examination of 40 pet guinea pigs was performed in the framework of this study. Preparation of the patient for ultrasonography and the examination procedure are described. Normal ultrasonographic findings of the abdominal organs including the liver, spleen, kidney and urinary bladder are presented and illustrated for the first time in this species. Ultrasonography was found to be a useful investigative tool in the diagnosis of abdominal diseases in guinea pigs. In comparison to other diagnostic methods like physical examination including palpation, haematological examination, radiography and diagnostic laparotomy, ultrasonography offers a rapid, non-invasive and reliable means of diagnosing abdominal diseases in this species.
Key words: Guinea pig, ultrasonography, normal findings, abdominal organs
*
E-mail: aberegi@univet.hu; Fax: +36 (1) 322 7416Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 48 (3), pp. 271–276 (2000)
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC DETECTION
OF ABDOMINAL ABSCESS IN TWO GUINEA PIGS
A. Beregi1* , Suzanne Zorn2
**, V. Molnár1 and F. Bíró11
Outpatient Clinic, Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, H-1400 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary; 2Veterinary Practice Dr. Brückelmann + Dr. Vogt, Breisach, Germany(Received December 23, 1999; accepted May 3, 2000)
Two guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) with clinical signs of anorexia, weight loss, depression and abdominal enlargement were examined. During ultrasound examination, a fluid-filled anechogenic structure 3–4 cm in diameter, with echogenic spots and a highly echogenic thick wall, was found in the pelvic region in one case and connected to the liver in the other case. An abscess or a cyst was suspected and surgical treatment including laparotomy was performed. By histopathological examination performed after surgery, a liver abscess was diagnosed in one guinea pig and an abscess in the pelvic region in the other animal.
Key words: Guinea pig, ultrasonography, abdominal abscess
*
E-mail: aberegi@univet.hu; Fax: +36 (1) 478 4137**
At the time of processing these cases, Suzanne Zorn was preparing her thesis at the Students’ Scientific Study Club at the University of Veterinary Science, BudapestActa Veterinaria Hungarica 48 (3), pp. 277–283 (2000)
DISEASE CAUSED BY MYCOPLASMA MYCOIDES SUBSPECIES MYCOIDES LC IN HUNGARIAN GOAT HERDS
*, Ibolya Turcsányi1, G. Bölske2, Á. Bacsadi1 and I. Kiss11
Veterinary Institute of Debrecen, H-4031 Debrecen, Bornemissza u. 3–5, Hungary; 2Department of Bacteriology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden(Received October 29, 1999; accepted May 3, 2000)
The occurrence of a goat disease caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC in Hungary is reported. The disease occurred in two goat herds in the spring of 1999. In one herd 25% of the 4–12 weeks old kids (10 animals) while in the other herd 33% of the 6–12 weeks old kids (20 animals) became affected. The goat kids developed polyarthritis. The most severe lesions developed in the carpal joints. All animals died after 3–8 days of disease. Four dead kids were necropsied. All of them had serofibrinous and purulent polyarthritis, and in two animals bronchopneumonia, fibrinous pleuritis and meningitis were also found. In the articular exudates the presence of mycoplasmas was detected by PCR using a general mycoplasma primer. Mycoplasmas were cultured from the joints of all animals, from the abdominal parenchymal organs of two kids and from the lungs of one animal. The cultured mycoplasmas grew in strikingly large colonies, proved to be glucose positive, arginine negative and phosphatase positive, and liquefied the coagulated serum. They survived incubation at 45 °C for more than 24 h. Based upon their biochemical properties, the results of the immunofluorescence (IF) and growth inhibition tests and the sequence analysis of the PCR product, the cultured strains were identified as M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC. Animals purchased in the previous autumn had been introduced to both farms. The disease may have been introduced with asymptomatic carrier animals, as earlier no similar disease had been observed at either farm.
Key words: Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC, arthritis, goat
*
E-mail: bajmocze@indigo2.oai.hu; Fax: (36-52) 310-823Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 48 (3), pp. 285–291 (2000)
A NEW, MODERN, COST-SAVING MICRO/MACRO METHOD
FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SERUM FRUCTOSAMINE
1
Department of Animal Physiology and Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Szent István University, H-2103 Gödöllő, Páter Károly u. 1, Hungary; 2ELISA Laboratory of the Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary;(Received September 3, 1999; accepted May 3, 2000)
µL samples and 200 µL reagents) and an automatic microplate autoreader were used. The classical nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) stain reagent solution of Johnson et al. (1982) was modified using a SIGMA reagent to render it stable for up to one year. SeFa concentrations measured by the new method in 30 human blood plasma samples were compared with values obtained by the standard (generally used) LaRoche kit procedure. Fifteen cow, 13 dog and 18 chicken plasma samples were assayed by the new automated ‘micro’ method as well as by the manual test tube ‘macro’ method commonly used earlier. The modified reagent was applied for both methods. The coefficient of correlation (r) between the results obtained by the two methods was consistently between 0.94 and 0.98 (p < 0.001).Serum/plasma fructosamine (SeFa) concentration is a reliable indicator used in human diabetic control. Tests for monitoring the carbohydrate/energy metabolism of (farm) animals are less commonly performed in veterinary laboratories, since most of the reliable determinations, both automated and manual, are relatively expensive. The aim of this study was to develop a precise, money- (and time-) saving automated micro method for measuring SeFa. ELISA microplates (20
Key words: Serum fructosamine, glycated proteins, glycated haemoglobin, new automated micro method, cost-saving modified reagent
*
E-mail: oppel@fau.gau.hu; Fax: +36 (28) 410 804Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 48 (3), pp. 293–300 (2000)
HEPATIC BIOTRANSFORMATION PROFILES
OF SULPHAMONOMETHOXINE IN FOOD-PRODUCING
ANIMALS AND RATS IN VITRO
Faculty of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
(Received January 3, 2000; accepted May 3, 2000)
Hydroxylation and acetylation of sulphamonomethoxine (SMM) and deacetylation of N4-acetyl SMM (N4-AcSMM) were estimated in liver post-mitochondrial supernatants (S-9) from laying hens, female cattle, swine and rats. The formation of hydroxylated SMM, 2,6-dihydroxy SMM (2,6-diOH-SMM), was found only with hen S-9s. N4-acetylation rate of SMM was the highest in pig S-9s, followed by rat, then hen or cow S-9s. All S-9s from the four species deacetylated N4-AcSMM. In hen S-9s, the rate of 2,6-dihydroxylation was higher during incubation at 41 °C than at 37 °C.
Key words: Sulphamonomethoxine, hydroxylation, acetylation, deacetylation
*
E-mail: furusawa@life.osaka-cu.ac.jp; Fax: ++81-6-6605-2864Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 48 (3), pp. 301–311 (2000)
EFFECT OF BETA-CAROTENE AND NUCLEOTIDE BASE SUPPLEMENTATION ON BLOOD
COMPOSITION
AND IMMUNE RESPONSE IN WEANED PIGS
1
Department of Animal Physiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Animal Science,(Received September 29, 1999; accepted May 3, 2000)
The effect of synthetic beta-carotene and synthetic nucleotide base on daily weight gain, feed consumption and certain haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters of piglets were studied in a 3-week experiment. Beginning one week prior to weaning, the diet fed to one experimental group of piglets was supplemented with 10% Rovimix Beta-carotene at 875 mg/kg of diet. Synthetic uracil and adenine (98%, Sigma-Aldrich) were mixed into the diet of the other experimental group at doses of 500 mg/kg of diet for each substance. The control group received the basic diet without any supplementation. The changes observed over time in the haematological parameters and in certain biochemical variables could be regarded as physiological. By day 21 of the experiment, beta-carotene supplementation had significantly lowered the neutrophilic granulocyte percentage and elevated the lymphocyte percentage, while in the other two groups a change of opposite tendency occurred. At the end of the experimental period there was a decrease in plasma vitamin E concentration due to carotene supplementation (control: 6.1 ± 1.5, nucleotide: 6.3 ± 2.5, carotene: 2.3 ± 1.5 mg/L). Lymphocyte blastogenesis induced by phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A increased by 50 and 130%, respectively, in the nucleotide group and by 60 and 30%, respectively, in the carotene group, while it did not change in the control group. The supplements exerted no positive effect on the in vivo cellular immune response.
Key words: Nucleotide bases, beta-carotene, immune response, haematology, piglets
*
E-mail: Melinda@atk.kaposvar.pate.hu; Fax: +36 (82) 320-175Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 48 (3), pp. 313–323 (2000)
IMPORTANCE OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONSERVATION
OF WILD,
RARE OR INDIGENOUS UNGULATES: REVIEW ARTICLE
Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary
Science,
Szent István University, H-1400 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary
(Received January 3, 2000; accepted May 3, 2000)
Biodiversity is increasingly threatened by intensive agriculture, environmental pollution, extinction of natural habitats and several other factors. Several mammalian species including ungulates have disappeared or are threatened by extinction. However, ungulates play an important role both in the ecosystem and in the economy. In general, species or breeds are considered endangered if their population does not exceed 1,000 individuals. In these cases conservation programmes should be initiated in order to maintain or even increase their number. This review deals with the possibilities and limitations of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in the conservation of ecologically valuable wild, rare and indigenous ungulates. The methods discussed here are artificial insemination, cryopreservation of semen and embryos, embryo recovery and transfer, in vitro production of embryos, as well as micromanipulation techniques including sperm injection, assisted hatching and cloning. Some of these procedures are already being exploited in the breeding of farm ungulates, but more basic information about the reproductive patterns of wild, rare and indigenous animal species is needed before the routine use of ARTs.
Key words: Rare and endangered ungulates, assisted reproductive technologies, conservation programs
*
E-mail: scseh@univet.hu; Fax: +36 (1) 394 3959Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 48 (3), pp. 325–333 (2000)
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT METHODS
FOR DOG SEMEN CRYOPRESERVATION AND
TESTING UNDER CLINICAL CONDITIONS
1
Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, H-1400 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary; 2Department of Cattle Breeding, Research Institute of Animal Breeding, Herceghalom, Hungary(Received July 23, 1999; accepted May 3, 2000)
The extenders and freezing rates from three different freezing protocols were combined and compared to each other in order to study the post-thawing acrosome integrity and fertility of frozen dog sperm. A commercial bovine TRIS-base extender (TRILADYL) and two self-made canine semen extenders (Norwegian and Dutch) were combined with a conventional bovine and two canine freezing regimes, and acrosome integrity of frozen/thawed spermatozoa was assessed by fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated peanut agglutinin staining (FITC-PNA). Differences between freezing/thawing protocols were reflected in the proportion of cells with acrosomal damage and not based on motility results. It was concluded that during dog semen cryopreservation extenders had less influence on the post-thawing sperm quality than did the freezing rates. The optimal extender/freezing rate combination (TRILADYL/Norwegian) was used in the clinical practice to evaluate the fertility of frozen sperm administered by intrauterine insemination using a surgical approach. The pregnancy rate was 57% (4/7), but the average litter size was low (2.8). This may have been due to the insufficient sperm numbers contained in an insemination dose and/or to the incorrect timing of artificial insemination (AI). The final conclusion is that the commercial bovine extender is useful for freezing dog semen, and the TRILADYL/Norwegian freezing protocol is recommended as the most advantageous combination for the freezing of canine semen in the clinical practice.
Key words: Acrosome integrity, dog sperm, TRILADYL, FITC-PNA
*
Present address: H-2094 Nagykovácsi, Bánya u. 8, Hungary;E-mail: fszasz@matavnet.hu; Fax: +36 (1) 425-3205
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 48 (3), pp. 335–341 (2000)
RAM SEMINAL PLASMA AND FERTILITY:
RESULTS FROM AN ONGOING FIELD STUDY
1
NAGREF, Veterinary Research Institute, 57008 Ionia, Thessaloniki, Greece;(Received July 23, 1999; accepted May 3, 2000)
The effects of partial replacement of ram semen diluent with ram seminal plasma on the fertility of ewes were studied. Crossbred Chios ewes (n = 152) were assigned to six groups. The oestrous cycles of the ewes were synchronised at the peak (Groups A, B, C and D) and at the end (Groups E and F) of the breeding season by means of intravaginal sponges impregnated with fluorogestone acetate (FGA) for 14 days. Four hundred IU of PMSG were injected intramuscularly at the time of sponge removal. Ewes of Groups A, C and E were artificially inseminated with ram semen diluted with skim milk extender, while those of Groups B, D and F with ram semen diluted with 50% skim milk and 50% ram seminal plasma. The addition of ram seminal plasma induced a significant increase (P < 0.05) in litter size in Groups B and D when compared with that of Groups A and C (1.85 and 1.88 vs. 1.39 and 1.52, respectively). This increase was not significant when insemination was performed at the end of the breeding season (2.0 vs. 1.4). These results indicate that the addition of seminal plasma can influence the fertility of ewes or the fertilising capacity of extended ram semen to some extent.
Key words: Artificial insemination, semen, seminal plasma, ram
*
E-mail: iats@the.forthnet.gr; Fax: +31 781161Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 48 (3), pp. 343–354 (2000)
ARTHROSCOPIC AUTOLOGOUS OSTEOCHONDRAL MOSAICPLASTY FOR THE TREATMENT OF SUBCHONDRAL CYSTIC LESION IN THE MEDIAL FEMORAL CONDYLE IN A HORSE
G. Bodó1*, L. Hangody2, Zsuzsa Szabó3, Ch. Peham4, Monika Schinzel4, D. Girtler4 and P. Sótonyi5
1Department and Clinic of Surgery and Ophthalmology and 5Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, ‘Szent István’ University, H-1400 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary; 2Orthopaedics and Trauma Department and 3Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Uzsoki Hospital, Budapest, Hungary; 4Clinic for Orthopaedics in Ungulates, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
(Received December 18, 1999; accepted February 1, 2000)
An 11-year-old, Hungarian half-bred stallion was presented with a history of mixed left hindlimb lameness of 6 months duration. Subchondral bone cyst of the medial femoral condyle and injury of the medial meniscus were diagnosed. Osteochondral autograft transplantation (mosaic arthroplasty) was performed, taking grafts from the less weight-bearing medial border of the medial femoral trochlea of the affected limb, and transplanting them into the cyst during arthroscopy. The lameness was evaluated prior to and one year after the operation with a motion analysis system during treadmill exercise. Considerable improvement of the lameness and the clinical signs as well as successful transplantation of the grafts, and a new hard joint cartilage surface of the medial femoral condyle could be detected during follow-up arthroscopy. Osteochondral autograft transplantation seems to bee a possible alternative for treating subchondral cystic lesions of the medial femoral condyle in horses. A new technique for the surgical treatment of a subchondral cystic lesion of the medial femoral condyle in the horse is described.
Key words: Horse, subchondral cystic lesion, autograft transplantation, mosaicplasty
*
E-mail: gbodo@univet.hu; Fax: +36 (1) 478 4196Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 48 (3), pp. 355–360 (2000)
EXPERIMENTAL AUTOLOGOUS SUBSTITUTE VASCULAR GRAFT FOR TRANSPLANTATION SURGERY
*, G. Dallos1, Anette S. H. Gouw2, T. Németh5, B. Nemes1, I. Fehérvári1, A. M. Tegzess3, M. J. H. Slooff4, F. Perner1 and K. P. De Jong41
Transplantation and Surgical Department, Semmelweis Medical University, H-1082 Budapest, Baross u. 23–25, Hungary; 2Department of Pathology, 3Department of Nephrology, 4Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; 5Department of Surgery and Ophthalmology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary(Received November 5, 1999; accepted May 3, 2000)
Vascular complications in liver transplantation are a major cause of graft failure and mortality. The aim of the study was to create autologous vascular graft without risk of rejection. Posterior rectus fascia sheath lined with peritoneum was used for iliac artery replacement in seven mongrel dogs. The patency was followed by palpation and Doppler ultrasound. The grafts were removed after one month. Five grafts remained patent. The Doppler showed good, relatively increased flow (median flow rate: 383 cm/sec) after one month in all of the cases. Slight increase in diameter was present in all cases. By microscopy the five patent grafts showed viable morphology, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and thin fibrin layer in the wall. The grafts were lined partially with a neoendothelial monolayer and a thin fibrin layer. In conclusion, this graft presents an acceptable patency rate and low thrombogenicity, and could be useful in transplantation. Further investigations are needed to study the effect of immunosuppression and rejection on long-term morphology and patency of the grafts.
Key words: Rectus fascia sheath, experimental vascular graft, liver transplantation
*
E-mail: kobori@mailtrans.sote.hu; Fax: +36 (1) 3170 964Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 48 (3), pp. 361–368 (2000)
STUDIES ON THE TOXIC INTERACTION
BETWEEN MONENSIN AND TIAMULIN IN RATS:
EFFECTS ON P450 ACTIVITIES
1
Department of Toxicology, EGIS Pharmaceuticals Ltd, H-1475 Budapest 10,(Received October 7, 1999; accepted February 1, 2000)
Studies were carried out to investigate the effects of monensin and tiamulin, and the simultaneous administration of both compounds on microsomal enzymes in rats. In Phase I of the experiments the effects of monensin and tiamulin were studied separately (monensin 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg or tiamulin 40, 120, and 200 mg/kg body weight, respectively), while in Phase II the two compounds were administered simultaneously (monensin 10 mg/kg and tiamulin 40 mg/kg b.w., respectively). When monensin was administered by itself, it exerted no significant effect on microsomal liver enzymes. In a few cases, slight inhibition of certain enzyme activities was seen. Tiamulin provoked a dose-dependent hepatic enzyme induction. The combined administration of monensin and tiamulin at low doses (10 and 40 mg/kg, respectively) resulted in marked elevation of P450-related enzyme activities. The enzyme induction was more pronounced in females than in males. The results suggest that the simultaneous administration of tiamulin may influence the biotransformation of monensin, possibly increasing the amount of reactive metabolite(s) of the ionophore antibiotic.
Key words: Ionophore, monensin, tiamulin, comparative toxicity, toxic interaction, enzyme induction, rats
*
E-mail: hatastan@mail.datanet.hu; Fax: +36 (1) 404-4888Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 48 (3), pp. 369–371 (2000)
EFFECT OF IMMERSION FLUID TEMPERATURE
ON THE CHICKEN EMBRYO IN TERATOGENICITY TESTS:
SHORT COMMUNICATION
Department of Hygiene, Institute of Plant Protection, Georgikon Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Veszprém, H-8361 Keszthely, P.O. Box 71, Hungary
(Received November 25, 1999; accepted May 3, 2000)
The influence of immersion fluid temperature on the development of the chicken embryo was studied on the day most commonly used for treating incubated eggs in teratological trials. Embryonated eggs were immersed in tap water for 30 min on the 12th day of incubation at 22–25 °C or at incubation temperature without a waiting time or after 30 min. The incubation was then continued and the eggs were processed on day 19 of the incubation period. Treatment of eggs at 22–25 °C caused a significant increase in embryonic mortality, while the 30-min waiting time did not exert an influence on embryogenesis.
Key words: Embryotoxicity, temperature, immersion, chicken
*
E-mail: H9650var@ella.hu; Fax: +36 (83) 315-105